Q-learning (QL) is a popular reinforcement learning algorithm that is guaranteed to converge to optimal policies in Markov decision processes. However, QL exhibits an artifact: in expectation, the effective rate of updating the value of an action depends on the probability of choosing that action. In other words, there is a tight coupling between the learning dynamics and underlying execution p...

SPARQL 1.1 supports the use of ontologies to enrich query results with logical entailments, and OWL 2 provides a dedicated fragment OWL QL for this purpose. Typical implementations use the OWL QL schema to rewrite a conjunctive query into an equivalent set of queries, to be answered against the non-schema part of the data. With the adoption of the recent SPARQL 1.1 standard, however, RDF databa...

PURPOSE To examine whether inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity by quinidine affects the central nervous system toxicity of lidocaine and racemic bupivacaine (bupivacaine). METHODS Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10). Fifteen minutes following administration of 15 mg x kg(-1) of quinidine (QL and QB groups) or saline (L and B groups), lidocai...

In this abstract we present a server that supports OWL-QL query-answering dialogues by making use of the reasoning capabilities of the DL reasoner Racer. Currently, users can use Racer to query an OWL knowledge base using nRQL or DIG. Our primary goal in developing an OWL-QL server is to oer as many as possible reasoning functions of Racer in the standard query language OWL-QL. This rst version...

Quality of life (QL) after the "curative" resection of non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma was assessed by patients using the EORTC QL questionnaire (QLQ) and by a psychologist using the Spitzer Index. Quality of life was assessed in 52 patients on one occasion 12 months postoperatively and in 20 patients regularly starting with a preoperative assessment. Self- and external evaluation showed ...

In order to obtain a demanded fuzzy implication, a number of properties have been proposed, among which the first place antitonicity, the second place monotonicity and the boundary conditions are the most important ones. The three classes of fuzzy implications derived from the implication in binary logic, S-, Rand QL-implications all satisfy the second place monotonicity and the boundary condit...

Expression of the constitutively active mutant of Galpha(11) (Galpha(11)QL) induces the formation of vinculin-containing focal adhesion-like structures in HeLa cells. This was found to be inhibited by Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho-associated kinases (ROCK), but not by co-expression with a dominant negative mutant of RhoA, suggesting Rho-independent activation of ROCK by Galpha(11)QL. Inv...

Qiliqiangxin (QL), a traditional Chinese medicine, was approved by China Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of heart failure in 2004 (Li et al., 2013). Our recent multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study of the effects of QL capsules in patients with chronic heart failure shows that on a background of standard treatment, QL capsules further dec...

BACKGROUND Quitlines (QLs) are free, effective sources of treatment for tobacco dependence. Although the QL number is toll-free, the use of cell phones as the sole source of telephony may impose an unintended cost, in terms of cell minutes. OBJECTIVES To quantify the use of cell-only telephony among self-pay or Medicaid smokers, assess their calling plans, and estimate the impact of a typical...

In this paper we report an eeective parallelisation of the House-holder routine for the reduction of a real symmetric matrix to tri-diagonal form and the QL algorithm for the diagonalisation of the resulting matrix. The Householder algorithm scales like N 3 =P + N 2 log 2 (P) and the QL algorithm like N 2 + N 3 =P as the number of processors P is increased for xed problem size. The constant par...