Cosynthesis in mixed culture and protoplast fusion of non-producing mutants of Streptomyces hygroscopicus which may produce biosynthetic intermediates of bialaphos (AMPBA) were studied. Non-producing mutants were obtained by mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) treatment, and six stable non-producing mutants were used for cosynthesis and protoplast fusion studies. The bio...

It was proved that the protoplasts prepared from mesophyll of Nicotiana tabacum are infected by tobacco mosaic virus. The infection occurred when purified tobacco mosaic virus particles were added to a protoplast suspension in the presence of poly-L-ornithine. The virus multiplied in these protoplasts to a level of 10(6) virus particles per infected protoplast during 24 hours of incubation. The...

Membrane phospholipid was found to be hydrolyzed presumably by an intracellular phospholipase C, and diglyceride-rich membrane vesicles were released from the cells during protoplast formation in Bacillus cereus Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The released membranes consisted mainly of small vesicles of 50 to 100 nm in diameter. They have a lower density...

Duguid (1946) suggested, as a result of observations on bacteria treated with penicillin, that this antibiotic might inhibit the formation of the outer supporting cell wall. Bonifas (1954) observed the formation of globular bodies when cultures of Proteus vulgaris were treated with penicillin, and investigated the effect of hypertonic media, already used to stabilize the lysozyme induced protop...

PeiW (UniProtKB Q7LYX0) and PeiP (UniProtKB Q77WJ4) are the two major pseudomurein endoisopeptidases (Pei) that are known to cleave pseudomurein cell-wall sacculi of the members of the methanogenic orders Methanobacteriales and Methanopyrales. Both enzymes, originating from prophages specific for some methanogenic archaeal species, hydrolyze the ϵ(Ala)-Lys bond of the peptide linker between adj...

Dibasic amino acids and polyamines added to oat (Avena sativa L.) leaf protoplast isolation media decrease the RNase activity of extracted protoplasts relative to controls. This effect, which is manifested even when the added polyamine is removed by exhaustive dialysis prior to assay, is due to a prevention of the rise in RNase activity which usually follows protoplast isolation. Polyamines, bu...

1. The digestive juice of the snail Helix pomatia was used in the study of the degradation of isolated cell-wall preparations from a strain of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. 2. The crude enzyme system was fractionated by gel filtration and the activities of the more specific fractions thus obtained were examined. 3. Results are discussed with respect to (a) the nature of various factors that are...

In vitro plant tissue culture and biotechnology used to assist support the development of breeding when classical methods propagation must be accelerated or it was necessary overcome barriers inaccessible by approaches. asparagus, improve multiple tasks, a high number in have been used, such as regeneration through organogenesis, embryogenesis, manipulation ploidy, protoplast isolation, genetic...

One would logically expect that antifungal agents which act via the inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis should show fungicidal activity and low toxicity as the cell wall is essential for fungal cell growth and is not synthesized by mammalian cells. A variety of cell wall-acting antifungal agents have been discovered and some of these have become economically important1~3). However, new nontoxi...

I t has been reported by Maxted (1) and Krause (2) that lysates of Group C streptococci infected with C1 bacteriophage contained an enzyme that had the ability to lyse Groups A, C, and E streptococci and their isolated cell walls. Crude and partially purified preparations of this enzyme were found to be useful for the isolation of Group A streptococcal cell wall components (M protein and C carb...