This paper presents clonal selection algorithm to solve the Dynamic Economic Dispatch Problem (DEDP) of generating units considering valve point loading effects. It determines the optimal operation of units with predicted load demand over a certain period of time with an objective to minimize total production cost while the system is operating with ramp rate limits. This paper presents DED base...

An efficient Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique, employed to solve Economic Dispatch (ED) problems in power system is presented in this paper. With practical consideration, ED will have nonsmooth cost functions with equality and inequality constraints that makes the problem, a large-scale highly constrained nonlinear optimization problem.The proposed method expands the original PSO to ...

Assembly of initiation factors on individual replication origins at onset of S phase is crucial for regulation of replication timing and repression of initiation by S-phase checkpoint control. We dissected the process of preinitiation complex formation using a point mutation in fission yeast nda4-108/mcm5 that shows tight genetic interactions with sna41(+)/cdc45(+). The mutation does not affect...

Low circulating IGF-I is associated with increased fracture risk. Conditional depletion of IGF-I produced in osteoblasts or osteocytes inhibits the bone anabolic effect of mechanical loading. Here, we determined the role of endocrine IGF-I for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading in young adult and old female mice with adult, liver-specific IGF-I inactivation (LI-IGF-I(-/-) mice, serum...