We describe a novel assay of pre-beta high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a unique apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I)-containing lipoprotein particle. The pre-beta and alpha lipoproteins are separated by electrophoresis in agarose and transferred onto a membrane by capillary blotting. The membrane blot is sequentially incubated with sheep anti-human apo A-I antiserum and then with a conjugate of rabbit a...

Sub-nanometer resolution structure determination is becoming a common practice in electron cryomicroscopy of macromolecular assemblies. The data for these studies have until now been collected on photographic film. Using cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), a previously determined structure, as a test specimen, we show the feasibility of obtaining a 9 A structure from images acquired from a 4 ...

BACKGROUND Both calliper devices and digital photographic methods have been used to quantify foot arch height parameters. The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of both a calliper device and digital photographic method in determining the arch height index (AHI). METHODS Twenty subjects underwent measurements of AHI on two separate days. On each day, AHI measurements during b...

Methods used in obtaining high resolution in autoradiography, with special emphasis on the technique of electron microscopic autoradiography, are described, together with control experiments designed to establish the optimum conditions or procedures. On the basis of these experiments the emulsion selected was Ilford L-4, with a crystal size slightly larger than 0.1 micron. It is applied to the ...

The Biochemist — August 2003. © 2003 The Biochemical Society 28 this is 216=65 536 levels of grey. The higher the number of grey levels, the greater the dynamic range of the camera. In simple terms, a good dynamic range allows real-time image capture, but shows such low noise levels that it can acquire images over long periods. Therefore, it is ideal for quantifying chemiluminescent band images...

A system has been developed that automatically extracts the iris region from photographs, computes the iris color in CIE u ́v ́ diagram color space, and corrects the color based on a standard calibration target. This system has advantages over previous manual methods in that it (1) is much less time-consuming because it is fully automatic, (2) corrects for the variability inherent in a film-based...

The interference phenomenon in non-stationary optical fields is investigated. We present a method of describing the interference of partially coherent optical beams by using only observable quantities, expressed entirely as temporal averages of the instantaneous signals, which better relates the experimental observations to the coherence properties of the field. We show that this method of desc...

Images recorded in electronic or photographic media are often degraded due to system imperfections such as diffraction effects, optical system aberrations, camera and/or object motions, defocussing, or atmospheric turbulences. In addition to these blurring effects, the recorded image is usually corrupted by various random noise effects such as the randomness of the film grain, photoelectric eff...

Synthetic Biology is a field involving synthesis of novel biological systems which are not generally found in nature. It has brought a new paradigm in science as it has enabled scientists to create life from the scratch, hence helping better understand the principles of biology. The viability of living organisms that use unnatural molecules is also being explored. Unconventional projects such a...