the current study aims to identify and examine the effect of market orientation, management innovation and technological innovation on organizational performance. the current research was conducted using descriptive- correlational methodology. the population of the current research included pharmaceutical companies throughout the country. using simplerandom sampling method and cochran formula, ...

Background and objectives: The importance of Cassia angustifulia is due to its laxative properties. A large number of sennosides have been reported in senna but sennoside A and B have been reported as the main causes of its properties. The present study includes the analysis of the effective ingredients of sennosides containing senna products in Iranian pharmaceutical ...

Game theory is the study of mathematical models and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers. This paper provides a flexible model to calculate pay-off matrix based on several importance factors. This model is adapted by cooperative game and developed for some competitive advantages sections in pharmaceutical industry. An optimum solution is derived by considering Nash equilibri...

Ophthalmic drug delivery is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavors facing the pharmaceutical companies in the market. In ophthalmic formulation to the eye like solutions, suspensions, and ointments are available in the market shows drawbacks such as increased precorneal elimination, high variability in efficiency, and blurred vision. The major problem associated with the conventi...

Today, the goals of pharmaceutical policy and medical practice are often undermined due to institutional corruption — that is, widespread or systemic practices, usually legal, that undermine an institution’s objectives or integrity. In this symposium, 16 articles investigate the corruption of pharmaceutical policy, each taking a different look at the sources of corruption, how it occurs, and wh...

AIM To characterize the patterns of competition for a sample of drugs in the Portuguese pharmaceutical market before (January 2002-March 2003) and after (April 2003-June 2003) the introduction of the reference pricing system (RPS). METHODS We performed a descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal analysis, with monthly observations from January 2002 until June 2003 of 15 homogeneous groups. The...

Corporate diversification allows for well-hidden financial ties between pharmaceutical and tobacco companies, which can cause a conflict of interest in the development and marketing of pharmaceutical products. In our investigation of tobacco company documents released and posted on the Internet as a result of the Master Settlement Agreement, we have found that these financial ties have fostered...

Who gains from more information on the quality of pharmaceutical drugs? Are there incentives for voluntary post-approval clinical trials among pharmaceutical companies? Contrary to popular belief, this paper shows that it is not in the consumer interest that clinical evidence establishing the relative e¤ectiveness within a class of drugs are produced. Pharmaceutical companies, on the other hand...

The aim of this paper is to assess whether cost containment has been affected by recent pharmaceutical reimbursement reforms that have been introduced in the Spanish health care system over the period 1996-2002, under the conservative Popular Party Government. Four main reimbursement policies can be observed in the Spanish pharmaceutical market after 1996, each of them largely unintegrated with...