A time-domain-reflectometry Smith-chart display is demonstrated to be a valuable diagnostic tool in a variety of situations in time-domain-reflectometry dielectric spectroscopy. A relative reflection coefficient is formed by dividing the Laplace transform of the reflected sample transient by the Laplace transform of the empty-sensor transient and displaying in the complex plane, with the approx...

The estimation of the permittivity distribution within a given volume by Electrical Capacitive Tomography relies on a relationship between the measured signal and the permittivity distribution, known as the sensitivity matrix. We show that relative permittivity variations must be lower than 25% to obtain errors smaller than 10% with the model whereas the permittivity can be scaled by up to 3.6 ...

Recent technological improvements have extended the application range of dielectric permittivity biomass measurements to on-line monitoring of physiological changes during bacterial fermentations. In an industrial fermentation of Bacillus thuringiensis, it is important to verify the intactness of bacterial plasmid content in all steps of culture. Changes in certain plasmid resident properties o...

The electromagnetic properties of classical vacuum (i.e., empty space) are characterized by its permittivity ǫ0 = 8.854 × 10 −12 F m and permeability μ0 = 4π × 10 −7 H m. In contrast, anti–vacuum has permittivity −ǫ0 and permeability −μ0 [1]. The perfect lens, as conceptualized by Pendry [2], consists of a slab of anti–vacuum sandwiched by two slabs of vacuum. While this perfect lens is an idea...

An integrated methodology for determining the unique combination of complex permittivity based on measured transmission coefficient and time difference of arrival (TDOA) information in free-space measurements is proposed. The methodology consists of an estimation procedure of the real part of complex permittivity based on TDOA, and a root-searching procedure based on parametric system identific...