Investigating the mechanisms of atherosclerosis, the number one cause of death in the civilized world, is an arduous task. During the last 5 decades, many aspects of atherosclerotic lesion development have been revealed and many hypotheses have been tested. Thanks to this gigantic effort, our knowledge of vascular biology and engaged pathogenic mechanisms have grown enormously. In spite of all ...

rg(p, b) = ! ( row(p) =1 && sbf(p) =0) rp(p, b) = if ( ( ( sbf(p) >1) and (0<=row(p) <=sbf(p) -2) ) or ( ( sbf(p) =1) and (row(p) =0) ) ) then if (b=0) then BSh( sbf(p) , row(p) +1, col(p) ) else BSh( sbf(p) , row(p) +1, flip(row(p) , col(p) ) ) else if ( ( sbf(p) >1) and (row(p) =sbf(p) -1) ) then if (b=0) then BSh( sbf(p) -1, 0, col(p) ) else BSh( sbf(p) -1, 0, flip(row(p) , col(p) ) ) rb(p, ...

recently determined LVl~ to be 111918 J mol-I at temperatures below 1000 K, and pointed out that their experimental data were free from various 'intercept effects' which had dogged earlier investigations. Similarly, for T<1000K, they deduced '\~s=51.44Jmol-IK-I. There seem to be no data on the variation of LVl~ or ,\~s as a function of x. However, Lobo and Geigerl found that LVll: and ,\S~S do ...

Eukaryote genomes contain excessively introns, intergenic and other non-genic sequences that appear to have no vital functional role or phenotype manifestation. Their existence, a long-standing puzzle, is viewed from the principle of increasing entropy. According to thermodynamics of open systems, genomes evolve toward diversity by various mechanisms that increase, decrease and distribute genom...

Tissue behavior is governed to a large extent by composition and microstructure of the extracellular matrix. In cartilage, various biopolymers (glycosaminoglycans, collagen, hyaluronic acid, etc.) are integrated into a complex network that imparts the tissue with its low-friction characteristics and load-bearing capacity. The structure of collagen (predominantly type II collagen) gives it tensi...

the single wheel tester is an experimental device used to measure wheel forces when studying the relation of soil and wheel in a soil bin or in the field. in the model under development, a special frame holding the test wheel is connected to a loading carriage by two pairs of vertical rails and four rollers to provide a floating connection. by applying a driving torque to the test wheel shaft, ...

The use of forward osmosis (FO) is of growing interest for water desalination, due to its potential energy savings. However, its industrial implementation is still limited by its actual performance limitation inwater permeation and reverse salt diffusion, due to membrane properties. Assisted forward osmosis (AFO) is a new concept, aiming at pressurising the feed solution to enhance water permea...