agent oriented software engineering (aose) is an emerging field in computer science  and  proposes some systematic ideas for multi agent systems analysis, implementation and maintenance. despite the various methodologies introduced in the agent-oriented software engineering, the main challenges are defects in different aspects of methodologies. according to the defects resulted from weaknesses ...

Pipa is a behavioral interface specification language (BISL) tailored to AspectJ, an aspect-oriented programming language. Pipa is a simple and practical extension to the Java Modeling Language (JML), a BISL for Java. Pipa uses the same basic approach as JML to specify AspectJ classes and interfaces, and extends JML, with just a few new constructs, to specify AspectJ aspects. Pipa also supports...

Agent oriented software engineering (AOSE) is an emerging field in computer science  and  proposes some systematic ideas for multi agent systems analysis, implementation and maintenance. Despite the various methodologies introduced in the agent-oriented software engineering, the main challenges are defects in different aspects of methodologies. According to the defects resulted from weaknesses ...

In the last decades, a significant growth of agent oriented systems has been observed, which has stimulated a more precise formalism for the definition of both agent and multi-agent systems, as well as the release of a huge number of agent development environment. In this work a new programming paradigm is proposed, that is agent oriented programming instead of object oriented programming. The ...

since the emergence of the process-oriented approach to second language writing instruction two main questions have been what and how error feedback should be given to the students. the question of whether teachers should provide feedback on grammar in the writing assignments of english as a foreign language students, and if so how, has been a matter of considerable debate in the field of secon...

Pre-service teacher cognition literature abounds with the concept of change as well as proposals regarding desirable conceptual changes to be undertaken so that teacher candidates can set out their path of professional development with right beliefs. Yet, such changes would seem less likely to occur if the trainees’ thoughts, beliefs, and cognitions are not identified in the f...

This paper presents a language-independent framework for developing formal speciications in an intuitively object-oriented style. Within the framework, object-oriented concepts and design strategies are captured by the application of development operators. The operators, by eeec-tively hiding the technical details of how object-oriented concepts are captured in a given speci-cation language, al...

one important issue that any material or test designer should bear in mind is to be careful about developing teaching and testing reading materials which would not be to the benefit of a group of readers or examinees and to the detriment of some others. one of the factors which may cause difference between the performances of english learners or test takers is the selection of reading tests wit...

“ba:y?d” as a persian lexeme is interwoven with modality, a semantic category and therefore has a complicated and thought- provoking semantic nature. this paper uses evidence from persian to investigate the usage of this lexeme and some of its semantic and pragmatic aspects in this language. the results indicate that this lexical category can convey a wide range of modal meanings in different c...

In this paper, an approach to formally specify a conceptual model of a system and its environment to be developed in a behavior-oriented way is presented. We identify those concepts of object-oriented approaches that have to be formalized. We then propose characteristics of behavior-oriented mathematical models representing a system as a collection of interacting objects. To specify such models...