Weirs have widely been used for the flow measurement, flow diversion and its control in the open channels. Attempts have been made to study flow over different shapes of normal weirs, side weirs and oblique weirs. This paper is connected with the development of the discharge coefficient measurement. In the present study four different weirs in different height are considered for validation purp...

Weirs have widely been used for the flow measurement, flow diversion and its control in the open channels. Attempts have been made to study flow over different shapes of normal weirs, side weirs and oblique weirs. This paper is connected with the development of the discharge coefficient measurement. In the present study four different weirs in different height are considered for validation purp...

Calcium channels are tightly regulated. Voltage-gated calcium channels open only in response to depolarization, while voltage-independent calcium channels usually open only in response to specific intracellular or extracellular ligands. Voltage-independent calcium channels have been described in several invertebrate neurons. One difficulty in understanding the function of the neuronal channels ...

Cocaine is a potent cardiac stimulant and its use has been linked to life-threatening arrhythmias in humans. A prominent effect of cocaine in the heart is a suppression of the delayed-rectifier potassium current (I(K)) that is important for cardiac repolarization. In this study, cocaine was found to be an inhibitor of HERG channels that underlie the rapidly activating component of I(K). HERG wa...

Voltage-gated potassium channels elicit membrane hyperpolarization through voltage-sensor domains that regulate the conductive status of the pore domain. To better understand the inherent basis for the open-closed equilibrium in these channels, we undertook an atomistic scan using synthetic fluorinated derivatives of aromatic residues previously implicated in the gating of Shaker potassium chan...

Inactivation of K+ channels responsible for delayed rectification in rat type II alveolar epithelial cells was studied in Ringer, 160 mM K-Ringer, and 20 mM Ca-Ringer. Inactivation is slower and less complete when the extracellular K+ concentration is increased from 4.5 to 160 mM. Inactivation is faster and more complete when the extracellular Ca2+ concentration is increased from 2 to 20 mM. Se...

Currents through sodium channels of neuroblastoma cells were measured using patch technique in outside-out configuration. Scorpion toxin (ScTX) produced 3 to 4 fold prolongation of mean open time and increased number of reopenings. The mean open times showed slow fluctuations around some average values. The distribution of channel open times for ScTX-modified channels required more than one exp...

Understanding the properties of plasmons in two-dimensional channels is important for developing methods of terahertz generation. This paper presents a modal analysis of plasmonic reflection in open channels supporting dc currents. As it shows, the plasmons can be amplified upon reflection if a dc current flows away from a conducting boundary; de-amplification occurs for the opposite current di...

In small cells containing small numbers of ion channels, noise due to stochastic channel opening and closing can introduce a substantial level of variability into the cell's membrane potential. Negatively cooperative interactions that couple a channel's gating conformational change to the conformation of its neighbor(s) provide a potential mechanism for mitigating this variability, but such int...