Polyorchidism is an unusual abnormality of the genital tract in which supernumerary testes are present. To date there have been 178 reports (198 cases) of polyorchidism in the English literature. To our knowledge, only two cases of bilobed testis have been previously described in the paediatric literature. It may be presumed that a bilobed testis is an incomplete expression of triorchidism. Sin...

the testicular torsion which is typically seen in prepuberty is very rare in the early neonatal period; prenatal diagnosis is difficult. herein, we report a five day-old male neonate with swelling and erythema of the right scrotum.  following doppler ultrasound suggestive of testicular torsion, surgical exploration was undertaken. there was gangrene of the right testis with discoloration and ne...

introduction: since discovery of high frequency waves, their biological effects have been in great attention. increased male fertility problems proposed their possible relation to use of microwaves. testes are of very active body tissues, which can be affected by these waves. age of exposure may also be an important factor. methods: this study was carried out to evaluated testosterone level in ...

objective(s):  being secreted by the pineal gland, melatonin induces cell proliferation in normal cells and induced apoptosis in cancer cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate effects of melatonin on main components and the expression of apoptotic genes in vitrified-thawed testicular germ cells of 6- day–old mice.  materials and methods: testes of neonate balb/c mice were vitrified-...

This work aimed to clarify the expression and roles of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its type 2 receptor (AMHR2) in seminiferous tubules of maturing rat testes. By quantitative RT-PCR, we determined the relative expressions of Amh, Amhr2, Scp1, Rsbn1, Ngfr, and Rhox5 in rat testes aged 5-49 days (d), and in germ cells and Sertoli cells isolated from 21d testes. Smad 1,5 and 8 expressions wer...

Polyorchidism is a rare anomaly of the genitourinary system which is defined as the presence of more than two testes within the scrotum. Lobulation of a testis is also a rare anomaly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of polyorchidism with lobulation of a supernumerary testis. We present ultrasonography findings of lobulation of a supernumerary testis in a 38-year-old man.

We tested whether changes in Sertoli cell transcription factors and germ heat shock proteins (HSPs) are linked to the effects of maternal undernutrition on male offspring fertility. Rats were fed ad libitum with a standard diet (CONTROL) throughout pregnancy lactation or 50% CONTROL intake (UNP) (UNL) both periods (UNPL). After postnatal Day 21, 10 pups per group until 160 when testes processed...

In human testes, stem cells such as spermatogonia need to produce progeny cells continually. Telomere length is maintained throughout spermatogenesis, i.e. from spermatogonia to spermatozoon, and telomerase is reported to be present in the testes. In this study, we measured the activity of telomerase in the human testes of 16 cases of idiopathic azoospermia, 10 of obstructive azoospermia, and 1...