approved: —t ^-* _•—v , =—. /R. A. Scanlan The formation of 3-hydroxy-N-nitrosopyrrolidine from decarboxylation of 4-hydroxy-N-nitrosoproline was demonstrated in model heating system designed to simulate the conditions of frying bacon. The identification of the nitrosamine was achieved by comparison of its TLC Rvalue, gas chromatographic retention time, and mass spectral fragmentation pattern w...

Intake of nitrosamine-rich food has been implicated in the pathogenesis of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus. The present study therefore examines a possible relationship between consumption of charred meat, rich in nitrosamine in pregnancy and the corresponding development of type 1 diabetes in litters. Determination of blood glucose and serum insulin levels in litters showed percent charred ...

The tobacco-specific carcinogenic nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK), is formed during the curing and proc essing of tobacco by nitrosation of nicotine. Nicotine and NNK have structural similarities, and they are both metabolized extensively by lung tissue via several steps known to require oxidative enzyme systems, such as cytochrome P450. On the other hand, nicot...

Maternal smoking during pregnancy can result in both pregnancy complications and reduced size of the fetus and neonate. Among women who smoke, genetic susceptibility to tobacco smoke also is a likely causative factor in adverse pregnancy outcomes. A prospective cohort study was conducted among 460 pregnant women who delivered live singletons in Sapporo, Japan, from 2002 to 2005. Multiple linear...

The carcinogenic effects of sequential treatment of female F344 rats with two nitrosamines were studied. The animals received either methylethylnitrosamine (NMEA), a strong liver carcinogen, N-nitrosomethylaniline (NMA), a moderately strong esophageal carcinogen, or N-nitrosopyrrolidine, (NPyr), a weaker liver carcinogen. The sequentially treated groups were given NMEA followed by NMA and vice ...

Organic nitrogen (ON) compounds are present in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), but compared to their inorganic, hydrocarbon, and oxygenated counterparts, they are difficult to characterize due to their low concentrations in complex matrices. Nitrosamines are a class of ON compounds known to be highly carcinogenic and include species formed from nicotine degradation, but there are no detail...

The tobacco-specific carcinogenic nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), is formed during the curing and processing of tobacco by nitrosation of nicotine. Nicotine and NNK have structural similarities, and they are both metabolized extensively by lung tissue via several steps known to require oxidative enzyme systems, such as cytochrome P450. On the other hand, nicot...

The transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a family of ion channels that act as cellular sensors. Several members of the TRP family are sensitive to oxidative stress mediators. Among them, TRPA1 is remarkably susceptible to various oxidants, and is known to mediate neuropathic pain and respiratory, vascular and gastrointestinal functions, making TRPA1 an attractive therapeutic target. ...

OBJECTIVE To predict the impact on tobacco use in the US of a "harm reduction" policy that requires that the smokeless tobacco product meet low nitrosamine standards, but could be marketed with a warning label consistent with the evidence of relative health risks. METHODS Low nitrosamine smokeless tobacco (LN-SLT) and cigarette use are predicted by a panel of experts using a modified Delphi a...

A six week course of cimetidine (1 g/day) healed peptic ulcers in 20 of 23 patients (14 with duodenal ulcer, nine with gastric ulcer). Reduction of basal acid output by 73% and peak acid output by 36% led to a rise in concentrations of intragastric aerobic bacteria and nitrate-reducing bacteria. While the mean intragastric concentration of nitrate was unchanged by treatment, there were statisti...