The phase equilibrium is considered, the formation of nitride phases during gas nitriding due to presence carbon in iron steel matrix all formed structural-phase states layer, carbides are released, dispersion and which layer depends on nitrogen potential saturating atmosphere. During subsequent oxidation water vapor, simultaneously with a surface oxide film exposure period, especially vapor ad...

We report the role of ultrasonic shot-peening (SP) and laser-shock peening (LSP) on insertion atmospheric nitrogen during high temperature oxidation pure titanium improvement its resistance. Ion Beam analysis showed that for short durations, a layer Ti2N is formed at oxide-metal interface. However, only LSP treatment leads to formation long-term stable nitrogen-rich which acts as barrier diffus...

Leaf equivalent water thickness (LEWT) is an important indicator of crop water status. Effectively monitoring the water status of wheat under different nitrogen treatments is important for effective water management in precision agriculture. Trends in the variation of LEWT in wheat plants during plant growth were analyzed based on field experiments in which wheat plants under various water and ...

The CH4 emissions from soil were influenced by the changeable CH4 concentrations and diffusions in soil profiles, but that have been subjected to nitrogen (N) and biochar amendment over seasonal and annual time frames. Accordingly, a two-year field experiment was conducted in southeastern China to determine the amendment effects on CH4 concentrations and diffusive effluxes as measured by a mult...

A discrete-bubble model that predicts the rate of oxygen transfer in diffused-bubble systems is evaluated. Key inputs are the applied gas flow rate and the initial bubble size distribution. The model accounts for changes in the volume of individual bubbles due to transfer of oxygen and nitrogen (and hence changing partial pressure), variation in hydrostatic pressure, and changes in temperature....

A reversed-flow gas-chromatography (RF-GC) apparatus for the measurement of binary diffusion coefficients is described and utilized to measure the binary diffusion coefficients for several systems at temperatures from (300 to 723)K. Hydrocarbons are detected using flame ionization detection, and inert species can be detected by thermal conductivity. The present apparatus has been utilized to me...

Harmful algal blooms are increasingly common in aquatic ecosystems and have been linked to runoff from agricultural land. This study investigated the internal nutrient (i.e., phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)) dynamics of a eutrophic reservoir in the Midwestern United States to constrain the potential for sedimentary nutrients to stimulate harmful algal blooms. The spatial distribution of nutrien...

The evaporation coefficients of water in air and nitrogen were found as a function of temperature by studying the evaporation of a pure water droplet. The droplet was levitated in an electrodynamic trap placed in a climatic chamber maintaining atmospheric pressure. Droplet radius evolution and evaporation dynamics were studied with high precision by analyzing the angle-resolved light scattering...

This study is concerned with experimental curves of: hardness, residual stress and concentration of nitrogen at the precipitation layer alloy steels after gas nitriding. The purpose this treatment that through to identify relationship causality between on one side, other, respectively nitrogen. Comparing shape slope these we can conclude that, diffused steel lattice, ferrite, a cause increased ...