Oxidative stress has been implicated in dysfunctional mitochondria in diabetes. Tyrosine nitration of mitochondrial proteins was observed under conditions of oxidative stress. We hypothesize that nitration of mitochondrial proteins is a common mechanism by which oxidative stress causes dysfunctional mitochondria. The putative mechanism of nitration in a diabetic model of oxidative stress and fu...

The nitration of Phenothiazine (PHEN) in acetonitrile (ACN) in the presence of excess NaNO2 has been studied in detail. First, the electrochemical behavior of the reactants was investigated by cyclic voltammetry to determine the electrolysis conditions. Controlledpotential electrolysis was used for the electrosynthesis. Introduction Although the nitration of organic compounds is an area in expa...

Mammalian NOSs (nitric oxide synthases) are haem-based monoxygenases that oxidize the amino acid arginine to the intracellular signal and protective cytotoxin nitric oxide (NO). Certain strains of mostly Gram-positive bacteria contain homologues of the mammalian NOS catalytic domain that can act as NOSs when suitable reductants are supplied. Crystallographic analyses of bacterial NOSs, with sub...

The synthesis of 3-amino-1-nitroguanidine (3-ANQ) and 5-hydrazino tetrazole (5-HT) derivatives as new energetic materials are described. Reaction of 3-ANQ with triethyl orthoformate leads to the formation of 3-nitramino triazole while no reaction was observed whit 5-HT. Addition of NaN3 to a mixture of 3-ANQ and triethyl orthoformate, afforded 1-nitroguanidyl tetrazole in excelle...

The in vitro reactivity of capsanthin (1) and fucoxanthin (2) with peroxynitrite was investigated, and the reaction products produced by scavenging with peroxynitrite were analyzed. (14'Z)-Nitrocapsanthin (3) and 12-nitrocapsanthin (4) were isolated from the products of the reaction of capsanthin with peroxynitrite. Similarly, (14Z)-15-nitrofucoxanthin (5), (11Z)-11-nitrofucoxanthin (6), and (1...

There are spectral and biochemical data suggesting that a tyrosine group(s) is involved in the cyclooxygenase reaction catalyzed by prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH) synthase. Treatment with tetranitromethane, a reagent which nitrates tyrosine residues, abolishes cyclooxygenase activity, but this inactivation can be largely prevented by competitive cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as ibuprofen and...

Nitration of phenol and various 4-substituted phenols with Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, Cu(NO3)2.3H2O/SiO2, 9H2O and Cr(NO3)2. 9H2O in different anhydrous organic solvents are investigated. High selectivity ratio of para vs ortho isomers has been observed. Mono- and dinitro compounds f...

The decrement in dopamine levels exceeds the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and experimental models of PD. This discrepancy is poorly understood and may represent an important event in the pathogenesis of PD. Herein, we report that the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), is a selective target for nitration following exposure ...