Neurofilament protein alterations are found in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson, Alzheimer, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth. Abnormal modifications of neurofilament, such as mutation, oxidation and phosphorylation, are linked to the disease-related alteration. In this review, the most recent discovery and central arguments about functions, pathological m...

The mechanisms that render tau a toxic agent are still unclear, although increasing evidence supports the assertion that alterations of tau can directly cause neuronal degeneration. In addition, it is unclear whether neurodegeneration in various tauopathies occurs via a common mechanism or that specific differences exist. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of tauopathies from benc...

Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is a calcium-dependent acyltransferase which also undergoes a GTP-binding/GTPase cycle even though it lacks any obvious sequence similarity with canonical GTP-binding (G) proteins. As an enzyme which is responsible for the majority of transglutaminase (TG) activity in the brain, TG2 is likely to play a modulatory role in nervous system development and has regulator...

Neurodegenerative dementias are characterized by insidious onset and gradual progression of cognitive dysfunction, initially relatively focal with respect to cognitive domains and brain regions involved. Neuroimaging techniques have contributed enormously to both our understanding of large-scale network specificity in neurodegenerative syndromes and our ability to make clinical diagnoses of syn...

The brain response to the original viral insult is a crucial aspect of the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia. The study of host gene expression in HIV-1 associated brain disease will facilitate establishing new paradigms and mechanisms for pathogenesis. HIV with only 9 genes is able to destroy its host with more than 30,000 genes. We used gene chip technology (Affymetrix) of brain tissue from AIDS ...

UNLABELLED A neurological disorder is a disorder caused by the deterioration of certain nerve cells called neurons. Changes in these cells cause them to function abnormally, eventually bringing about their death. In this paper we present a comprehensive database for neurodegenerative diseases, a first-of-its kind covering all known or suspected genes, proteins, pathways related to neurodegenera...

BACKGROUND Neuroregeneration is a relatively recent concept that includes neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, and neurorestoration--implantation of viable cells as a therapeutical approach. DISCUSSION Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity are impaired in brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's Disease or Parkinson's Disease and correlate with low endogenous protection, as a result of a diminished...

Accumulation of aberrant proteins and inclusion bodies are hallmarks in most neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, these aggregates within neurons lead to toxic effects, overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Autophagy is a significant intracellular mechanism that removes damaged organelles and misfolded proteins in order to maintain cell homeostasis. Excessive or i...

Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating conditions that lead to progressive degeneration of neurons. Neurodegeneration may result in ataxia, dementia, and muscle atrophies, etc. Despite enormous research efforts that have been made, there is lack of effective therapeutic interventions for most of these diseases. Optogenetics is a recently developed novel technique that combines optics and ge...

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease impact a multitude of individuals worldwide. The neural Glymphatic system is relatively newly discovered cellular transport pathway within the brain that has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. This article serves to provide journal club review current literature on raise awareness this and its potential for future treatment prev...