Achievement gaps between social groups may result from stereotype threat effects but also from stereotype lift effects – the performance boost caused by the awareness that an outgroup is negatively stereotyped. We examined stereotype lift and threat effects in the motor domain and investigated their mediation by task involvement and self-confidence. Physiological (heart rate reactivity) and sel...

Being in the numerical minority can impair intellectual performance. We suggest, however, that these negative eVects need not extend to everyone because some people—speciWcally high self-monitors—can overcome the eVects of situationally activated stereotypes. In two studies, we manipulated the race/sex composition of small groups and assessed intellectual performance. Results revealed that: (a)...

Although much research on stereotyping has documented significant negative consequences for the targets of unfavorable racial stereotypes, relatively little work has examined negative implications for the holders of such stereotypes. The present research highlights a notable cost for stereotype holders. In two studies, we demonstrated that racial stereotype activation can elicit maladaptive, st...

Public employees are stereotyped as lazy, inefficient, and slow. When made aware of such stereotypes, they may experience stereotype threat that impairs their task-performance. Across two pre-registered, large-scale between-subjects experiments (n1 = 1,543; n2 1,147), we found performance in terms task correctness, processing time, effort was unaffected by information negative public employee s...

One troubling aspect of membership in a stigmatized group is that negative stereotypes about the group's performance affect one's personal performance (i.e., stereotype threat). Women who are made aware of the negative stereotype that "women are bad at math" perform worse than women who are not made aware of this stereotype. However, women can use an "escape hatch" to avoid stereotype threat by...

The research problem is the existence of symbolic violence against private school students through stereotypes. purpose study was to analyze negative stereotypes as a means violence. This conducted using mixed method concurrent embedded in 10 schools and 6 public schools. Qualitative informants many 43 people were determined purposive sampling while 301 quantitative respondents random sampling....