following collapse of the soviet :union:, regional integration has been regarded as one of the requirements that need to be met by various regions wishing to be a part of globalization process. the eco region, particularly countries in central asia and the caucasus are not an exception. nevertheless, this region has been faced with some integration challenges. employing an analytical-descriptiv...

This paper proposes a new approach to building falsename-proof (FNP) combinatorial auctions from those that are FNP only with single-minded bidders, each of whom requires only one particular bundle. Under this approach, a general bidder is decomposed into a set of single-minded bidders, and after the decomposition the price and the allocation are determined by the FNP auctions for single-minded...

The discussion focuses on three themes. One is the divergence between positions of business associations and concerns of individual entrepreneurs regarding several determinants of investment. Another issue is under what conditions economic growth can be achieved under democracy; why market reforms have generated little private investment in many cases, and which government policies and politica...

B acteria are highly plastic: a single genotype can display a range of phenotypes in response to different environmental conditions. Strikingly, there can be phenotypic variation even in the absence of environmental variation due to the stochastic nature of gene expression (Raj & van Oudenaarden, 2008). As a result, cells in bacterial populations typically differ from each other in their molecu...