Abstract Neurostimulant drugs or magnetic/electrical stimulation techniques can overcome attention deficits, but these are weakly beneficial in boosting the learning capabilities of healthy subjects. Here, we report a technique, mid-infrared modulation (MIM), that delivers light energy through opened skull even non-invasively thinned intact and activate brain neurons vivo without introducing an...

Certain organophosphorus esters such as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) cause delayed neuropathy by inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) keeping neuron in normal function. In this study, effects of neurobion alone and in combination with dexamethasone on DFP–induced delayed neuropathy were evaluated. Thirty-five mice were divided to five groups that each group consists 7 mice. Except...

Callosotomy is an invasive method that used to study the role of interhemispheric functional connectivity in brain. This surgical approach technically demanding perform small laboratory animals, such as rodents, due several methodological challenges. To date, there exist two main approaches for transecting corpus callosum (CC) rodents: trephine hole(s) or unilateral craniotomy, which cause dama...

When tobacco is smoked, chewed or snuffed, nicotine is absorbed by the lungs or mucous membrane and quickly moved into the bloodstream, where it is circulated throughout the brain. In fact nicotine is highly dangerous to be consumed in any form. The present study was conducted to know the adverse effects of nicotine on the platelet aggregation in cerebral microvessels of mice. Male mice of aver...

Introduction: Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type. In addition to their neurological roles, astrocytes also have immune functions. They have been involved in antigen presentation in the central nervous system (CNS). Activated astrocytes express adhesion molecules, chemokines and release several inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic and neuroprotective fac...

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, has a dismal prognosis and nearly 100% recurrence rate. With median age of diagnosis 64, associated immune dysfunction needs to be accounted for during treatment. Cannonically, immunotherapies target checkpoint signaling pathways order create T-cell populations that are resistant exhaustion. Our lab demonstrated exhaust...

Abstract Background Aducanumab is an anti-amyloid-? (A?) antibody that achieved reduced amyloid pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) trials; however, it controversial whether also improved cognition, which has been suggested would require a sufficiently high cumulative dose of the brain. Therapeutic ultrasound, contrast, only begun to be investigated human AD clinical trials. We have previousl...

Moods and metabolism modulate each other. High comorbidity of depression metabolic disorders, such as diabetes obesity, poses a great challenge to treat conditions. Here we report the therapeutic efficacy brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by gene transfer in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) chronic unpredictable mild stress model (CUMS) models obesity. In CUMS, BDNF-expressing mice displayed a...