objective(s): the muller cell is the principal glial cell of the vertebrate retina. the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) in the muller cells was used as a cellular marker for retinal damage. this study was done to evaluate the effect of gestational diabetes on retinal muller cells in rat's offspring. materials and methods: in this experimental study, 12 wistar rat dams ...

purpose: to present a case of bilateral idiopathic central serous chorioretinopthy (icsc) complicated by bullous serous retinal detachment (rd). case report: a 26-year old female suffered from acute loss of vision in the both eyes. best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 1/10 ou. the examination of anterior segment was unremarkable and a mild vitreous reaction was noted. dilated fundus exami...

Outbreaks causing mass mortalities have been observed in the golden grey mullet (Liza auratus) population in southern coastal area of the Caspian Sea since 2002. The clinical signs include neurological abnormalities, such as erratic swimming behavior, spiral swimming, belly-up at rest and over inflation of the swim bladder. Three hundred and twelve samples of moribund fish with sizes that range...

introduction malignant priapism due to cancers is a rare condition that only 30 cases of kidney cancers were reported. case presentation we report on the first case of simultaneous penile, renal vein, vena cava, liver and ipslateral adrenal gland metastases from primary renal cancer in a 56-year-old man. the only complain of the patient was a history of painful priapism for one month. corporogl...

a 33-year-old female presented with intermittent abdominal pain and severe attacks of lower gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding since 2 weeks. she has had history of irregular menses in last 3 months. in the labeled rbc-scan study, the bleeding site was detected in left upper quadrant (luq). in surgery, a tumor with the diameter of 2ã—1cm in a 65 cm distance of ligament of trietz was detected. in pa...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an oxidative stress-linked neurodegenerative disease, leads to irreversible damage of the central retina and severe visual impairment. Advanced age long-standing influence stress cellular play crucial roles in AMD etiopathogenesis. Many authors emphasize role heterophagy, autophagy, mitophagy maintaining homeostasis retina. Relevantly modifying activity b...

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death, worldwide. Recently, due to the introduction of novel imaging and therapeutic techniques, five-year survival of patients has increased. However, distant metastasis is still expected in half of the patients. Colorectal cancer tends to target the abdominal cavity, liver, lungs, and bones as the common sites of metastas...