Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) is characterized by low to very low amplitude propulsive contractions in the distal esophagus, hence primarily affecting the smooth muscle part of the esophagus. IEM is often found in patients with dysphagia or heartburn and is commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease. IEM is assumed to be associated with ineffective bolus transport; however...

T he article in PNAS by Casey et al. (1) reports previously undescribed data from individuals who participated as preschoolers in Mischel’s now-classic delay of gratification studies conducted at Stanford University’s Bing Nursery School in the early 1970s. Now in their mid-40s, these individuals performed a Go–No-go task, in which they were instructed to press a key when a certain stimulus (e....

Patients with infectious- inflammatory diseases of the pharynx make up a significant percentage on intake otorhinolaryngologists and therapists. Most pharyngeal have pronounced clinical signs, impact performance quality life patients, fairly high risk complicated course. It is important for such patients to therapeutically provide relief pain syndrome stop changes. Pharyngeal their consequences...

BACKGROUND Taiwan had been considered rabies free since 1961, until a newly established wildlife disease surveillance program identified rabies virus transmission within the Formosan ferret-badger (Melogale moschata subaurantiaca) in 2013. Ferret-badgers occur throughout southern China and Southeast Asia, but their ecological niche is not well described. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS As an i...

Malva dendromorpha, European tree mallow, has not previously been described as a serious environmental weed. Over the last two to three decades tree mallow has invaded seabird nesting islands off the West Australian coast, growing in dense clumps to 3m tall and outcompeting native perennial species including Malva australiana, the Australian native hollyhock. As a result of excessive growth of ...

Abstract Background The cultivation of medicinal plants is a promising alternative to overcoming problems in the overharvesting wild and ecosystem degradation. Cultivation depends upon two major factors: seed quality presence seed-borne pathogens. Organic production marshmallow ( Althea officinalis L.) does not allow for use conventional pesticides. This study aimed find an environmentally safe...

conclusions eoao showed an analgesic effect that may involve both the central and peripheral nervous systems. background the althaea officinalis (marshmallow) plant is traditionally used to treat skin burns and constipation and to reduce inflammation. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and chronic analgesic effects of the essential oil of althaea officinalis leaves (eoao...