OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of trauma velocity on the pattern of Le Fort I facial fractures. METHOD A retrospective medical record review was conducted on a consecutive cohort of craniofacial traumas surgically treated by a single surgeon between 2007 and 2011 (n=150). Of these cases, 39 Le Fort fractures were identified. Patient demographic information, method of trauma and velocity of i...

The present study was conducted to examine the impact of cage aquaculture on benthic communities in coastal areas (depth 25 to 50 m) from fish farming operations located along the southeastern Black Sea (Ordu-Perşembe, Trabzon-Yomra and Rize central). Sampling was conducted seasonally from April 2007 to 2009. Sediment samples were taken using Ekman Grab (box core- 0.04 m2). Temperature, salinit...

Rear impact collisions are mostly low severity, but carry a very high societal cost due to reported symptoms of whiplash and related soft tissue injuries. Given the difficulty in physiological measurement of damage in whiplash patients, there is a significant need to assess rear impact severity on the basis of vehicle damage. This paper presents fundamental impact equations on the basis of an e...