BACKGROUND Since the introduction of cocaine in 1884, local anesthetics have been used as a mainstay of pain management. However, numerous studies over the past several decades have elucidated the supplemental role of local anesthetics as antimicrobial agents. In addition to their anesthetic properties, medications such as bupivacaine and lidocaine have been shown to exhibit bacteriostatic, bac...

Background. The general toxic effects of local anesthetics on vital organs are the most severe side regional blockades. purpose was to study effectiveness and safety combined solutions in brachial plexus block. Materials methods. Forty-nine patients were divided into 2 groups. first group (controls) consisted 24 individuals who received a solution 0.5% bupivacaine 36 ml (180 mg) with adrenaline...

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of facet joint pain in atients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) after surgical ntervention(s). Design: A prospective, nonrandomized, consecutive study. Setting: An ambulatory interventional pain management etting. Participants: The prevalence of facet joint pain was evaluted in patients with CLBP after various surgical intervenion(s) referred to an interve...

the purpose of the present article is to carry out a review of the literature on two local anesthetic agents, which are the most commonly used drugs in dental procedures. it would provide a clear concept about the local anesthetics, their dosages and exact usage in dental surgeries.

It is impossible to provide effective dental care without the use of local anesthetics. This drug class has an impressive history of safety and efficacy, but all local anesthetics have the potential to produce significant toxicity if used carelessly. The purpose of this review is to update the practitioner on issues regarding the basic pharmacology and clinical use of local anesthetic formulati...