Abstract Introduction/Objective Aging adults with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer disease neuropathology (AD) by the age of 40 years, primarily due to overexpression amyloid precursor protein on chromosome 21. Lewy bodies (LBs), containing alpha-synuclein protein, are observed in 7-60% AD patients amygdala and cortex. Prior DS studies (n=20-56 cases) find frequency LB pathology range betwe...

Myocardial MIBG scintigraphy is established in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Numerous studies address the pathophysiological impact of myocardial MIBG scintigraphy: the myocardial MIBG uptake correlates with the clinical phenotype of PD; the background of this phenomenon is unclear. Furthermore MIBG scintigraphy enables to study the extracranial Lewy body...

TABLE 1 – DEMENTIA: TYPE, CAUSES & TREATMENTS Type Cause Conventional Treatment Dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) Plaques, tangles, transmitter defects, abnormal amyloid deposition Anticholinesterases, nerve growth Factor Vascular dementia Multiple infarcts, stroke, small vessel disease Aspirin, lower blood pressure, lower cholesterol Lewy body dementia Lewy bodies, transmitter defects Anticholi...

The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) is incorrect in 30% or more of subjects particularly at the time of symptom onset. Because Lewy-type α-synucleinopathy is present in the submandibular glands of PD patients, we assessed the feasibility of submandibular gland biopsy for diagnosing PD. We performed immunohistochemical staining for Lewy-type α-synucleinopathy in sections of large se...

To gain a better understanding of the significance of α-synuclein pathological conditions during disease progression in Parkinson's disease, we investigated whether 1) nigral neuronal loss in incidental Lewy body disease and Parkinson's disease donors is associated with the local burden α-synuclein pathological conditions during progression of pathological conditions; 2) the burden and distribu...

Classic Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by fibrillar alpha-synuclein inclusions known as Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra, which are associated with nigrostriatal degeneration. However, alpha-synuclein pathologies accumulate throughout the CNS in areas that also undergo progressive neurodegeneration, leading to dementia and other behavioral impairments in addition to parkinsonism. ...

Multiple system atrophy is a sporadic alpha-synucleinopathy that typically affects patients in their sixth decade of life and beyond. The defining clinical features of the disease include progressive autonomic failure, parkinsonism, and cerebellar ataxia leading to significant disability. Pathologically, multiple system atrophy is characterized by glial cytoplasmic inclusions containing filamen...

Cortical Lewy body disease as a cause of dementia has been recognized for more than 40 years. Only in the past 15 to 20 years, however, has the true frequency of this entity come to be appreciated, primarily because of the advent of sensitive and specific immunohistochemical diagnostic techniques. We now know that there is frequent and extensive overlap, both clinically and pathologically, betw...

OBJECTIVES Visual hallucinations (VH) most commonly occur in eye disease (ED), Parkinson disease (PD), and Lewy body dementia (LBD). The phenomenology of VH is likely to carry important information about the brain areas within the visual system generating them. METHODS Data from five controlled cross-sectional VH studies (164 controls, 135 ED, 156 PD, 79 [PDD 48 + DLB 31] LBD) were combined a...