Vertebral dislocations are high energy injuries that rarely occur in the low back, but are found more frequently at the level of the thoracolumbar and sacrolumbar junctions. Dislocations of the mid-lumbar vertebrae are exceptional, with only 16 cases found in the literature. All previously reported cases were treated surgically. In four of these cases, the patients had no initial neurological l...

OBJECTIVE For multi-level spondylolysis patients, surgeons commonly choose to fix all the segments with pars interarticularis defect even those without slippage and not responsible for clinical symptoms. In this study, we tried to study the necessity of the preventative long-segment surgery for the defected segment without slippage in treatment of multi-level spondylolysis patients from a biome...

A 60-year-old man presented with a three week history of low back pain and right sciatica after lifting a heavy weight. On examination, there was marked restriction of straight leg raising on the right side with a reduced knee jerk and impaired sensation in the right L3 and L4 dermatomes. The provisional diagnosis was L4 root compression by a herniated L3/4 disc. Myelography with water -soluble...

A thorough study of structural and magnetic properties was performed on a series of trinuclear and dinuclear Mn(III)/Fe(III) complexes consisting of [M(L4)(Solv)](+) and [Fe(CN)5(NO)](2-) moieties (M = Fe(III) or Mn(III), Solv = H2O or CH3OH, L4 = tetradentate salen-type ligands), in which dominant magnetic exchange is mediated by O(S)-H···O(Ph) hydrogen bonds in [M(L4)(Solv)](+)···[M(L4)(Solv)...

L4-embedded is a microkernel successfully deployed in mobile devices with soft real-time requirements. It now faces the challenges of tightly integrated systems, in which user interface, multimedia, OS, wireless protocols, and even software-defined radios must run on a single CPU. In this paper we discuss the pros and cons of L4-embedded for real-time systems design, focusing on the issues caus...

The syntheses and characterization of two new redox active cyclam ligands ferrocenylmethyl-(6-methyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradec-6-yl)-amine (L3) and 1,1'-ferrocenylmethyl-bis(6-methyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradec-6-yl)-amine (L4) are reported. The compounds each possess a ferrocenyl group bearing one (L3) or two (L4) appended macrocycles linked by their exocyclic amino groups and the crys...

Whole-cell voltage recordings were obtained from 64 synaptically coupled excitatory layer 4 (L4) spiny neurones and L2/3 pyramidal cells in acute slices of the somatosensory cortex ('barrel' cortex) of 17- to 23-days-old rats. Single action potentials (APs) in the L4 spiny neurone evoked single unitary EPSPs in the L2/3 pyramidal cell with a peak amplitude of 0.7 +/- 0.6 mV. The average latency...