In a previous report, the synthesis of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid from alkali phenoxides and carbon dioxide in aprotic-polar solvents was reported. In the present study, the effects of reaction conditions on the yields and the rule of orientation under atmospheric pressure were examined in a typical aprotic-polar solvent, N,N-dimethylfomamide. Stabilities of the alkali salts of p-...

Kalanchoe pinnata leaves are used in South Asia as a natural kidney stone treatment. In vitro studies were conducted supersaturated and artificial urine solutions to evaluate the antiurolithic properties of K. leaf extract on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) surgically extracted stones. Key organic acids present plant also examined investigate inhibition formation. Crystals harvested from diss...

Different factors such as the genotype, environmental conditions, temperature stress, solar radiation and others can influence phytochemical status of plants. The concentration phenolic acids alkylresorciols (ARs) well their chemical composition biological activity have been determined in twelve winter wheat cultivars grown at eight European locations. This was first multi-location field trial ...

The chromatographic behavior of several simple phenolic acids was described recently, and a description of the phenolic acids present in human urine has been given (2). Experiments aimed towards establishing a preliminary identification of many of the urinary acids revealed that several compounds having the characteristics of m-hydroxyphenyl acids are found. These include m-hydroxyhippuric, -be...

In this study, responses of rice under drought stress correlating with changes in chemical compositions were examined. Among 20 studied rice cultivars, Q8 was the most tolerant, whereas Q2 was the most susceptible to drought. Total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activities, and their accumulation in water deficit conditions were proportional to drought resistance levels of rice. In ...

E’nxymes-(1) Purified horse liver esterase, prepared as described previously (2); (2) a crude extract of horse liver acetone powder, obtained by stirring the powder for several hours with a 2.5 per cent sodium acetate solution (3) followed by centrifugation. Substrates-These were esters of n-fatty acids and m-hydroxybenzoic acid, prepared by the same procedures as given previously (4, 1) for th...

Health effects of cocoa flavonols depend on their bioavailability, which is strongly influenced by the food matrix and the degree of flavanol polymerization. The effect of milk on the bioavailability of cocoa flavanoids considering phase II metabolites of epicatechin has been the subject of considerable debate. This work studies the effect of milk at the colonic microbial metabolism level of th...