Goosecoid is a homeobox gene that is expressed as an immediate early response to mesoderm induction by activin. We have investigated the induction of the zebrafish goosecoid promoter by the mesoderm inducing factors activin and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in dissociated zebrafish blastula cells, as well as by different wnts in intact embryos. Activin induces promoter activity, while b...

Chromatin insulators block the action of transcriptional enhancers when interposed between an enhancer and a promoter. In this study, we examined the role of chromatin loops formed by two unrelated insulators, gypsy and Fab-7, in their enhancer-blocking activity. To test for this activity, we selected the white reporter gene that is activated by the eye-specific enhancer. The results showed tha...

A strong transcription enhancer was identified in the genomic DNA (235 kb) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous and severe pathogen of the herpesvirus group. Cotransfection of enhancerless SV40 DNA with randomly fragmented HCMV DNA yielded two SV40-HCMV recombinant viruses that had incorporated overlapping segments of HCMV DNA to substitute for the missing SV40 enhancer. Within HCMV, t...

In the human epsilon-globin gene locus, the HS2 enhancer in the Locus Control Region regulates transcription of the embryonic epsilon-globin gene located over 10 kb away. The mechanism of long-range HS2 enhancer function was not fully established. Here we show that the HS2 enhancer complex containing the enhancer DNA together with RNA polymerase II (pol II) and TBP tracks along the intervening ...

To assess the effects of ABA deficiency on tomato fruit growth, mutant flacca was grown in an optimal soil water regime and various analyzes were performed, including morphological (fruit number, diameter biomass), physiological (duration growth rate), biochemical (ABA accumulation, enzyme cell wall peroxidase activity) as well proteomics. The analysis showed that slower rate development result...

the present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of wood betony (wb), stachys lavandulifolia extract on growth performance and some immune responses in common carp, cyprinus carpio. different concentrations of the wb extract 0, 2, 4 and 8% (g per 100 g of diet) were added to commercial diet. each treatment was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish having average initial weight ...