background: stroke, one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, is of great importance in young adults (15-45 years), amongst whom the causes of stroke and transient ischemic attack (tia) are different from those in older ages and a significant portion of them have no known etiology. patent foramen ovale (pfo) is considered a probable cause in this group. methods: ...

background: closure of patent ductus arteriosus (pda), ventricular septal defect (vsd) and atrial septal defect (asd) can be done surgically or by device. this study was designed to compare the total cost of surgical or device closures of pda, asd or vsd for iranian patients. methods: this is a cross-sectional study, conducted from january 1, 2005 until january 1, 2006 in two large heart center...

In late 2004 Google announced two major projects, the unveiling of Google Scholar and a major expansion of the Google Print digitization program. Both projects have generated discussion within the library and research communities, and Google Print has received significant media attention.This commentary describes exciting educational possibilities stimulated by Google Scholar, and argues for ca...

Patent infringement suit claims of inequitable conduct before the Patent Office and claims of patent misuse are staple affirmative defenses in patent practice. Defendants' frequent invocation of the inequitable conduct and patent misuse doctrines causes patentee-plaintiffs to consider the possibility that a court will find the patent unenforceable in accord with those doctrines. The authors of ...

Many methods have been developed to recognize those progresses of technologies, and one of them is to analyze patent information. And visualization methods are considered to be proper for representing patent information and its analysis results. However, current visualization methods for patent analysis patent maps have some drawbacks. Therefore, we propose an alternative visualization method i...

Motivation Motivation l / • Systematic evaluation in NLP / IR is crucial – Large Test Collections are needed • We have produced test collections for p patent retrieval at NTCIR since 2001 – What is the next task for patent What is the next task for patent information? 2 History of Patent IR at NTCIR y • NTCIR-3 (2001-2002) T h l 2 years of JPO patent li ti * – Technology survey • Applied conven...