Midtropospheric CO2 retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) were used to explore the influence of stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) on CO2 in the middle to upper troposphere. To choose the SSW events that had strong coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere, the authors applied a principal component analysis to the NCEP/Department of Energy Global Reanalysis 2 (NCEP-2) ...

[1] Recent advances in the compilation of the climate science databases, derived from observations and model simulations, help in estimating trends and variability of current and past atmospheric conditions. However, an exponential increase in the amount of information limits its comprehension. In this paper we present a simple diagnostic, named as “volume variability”, that allows for analysis...

[1] The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the primary mode of large-scale intraseasonal variability in the tropics. Recent work has connected the MJO to atmospheric variability in mid-latitudes. We focus on relationships between the MJO and wintertime surface air temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. The MJO is diagnosed using principal EOF of 850 hPa zonal winds from the NCE...

From a true colour image of the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) onboard the Orbview-2 satellite, we observed two packets of orderly wave clouds on two sides of Hainan Island in the South China Sea. A packet of 23 wave clouds stretches southward from the island. A second packet of more than 20 wave clouds stretches north-eastward off the north-east coast of the island. The concav...

The relationship between winter climate extremes across the northeasternUnited States and adjacent parts of Canada and some important modes of climate variability are examined to determine how these circulation patterns are related to extreme events. Linear correlations between 15 extreme climate indices related to winter daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, and three dominant ...

[1] This paper presents indirect observational evidence that desert dust can modulate the amplitude of easterly waves in the Atlantic Ocean. Twenty two years of NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis and dust from a global transport model are used to characterize the evolution of enhanced easterly waves. Lag composites of analysis increments (analysis minus first–guess) of geopotential height (700–hPa) anomalie...

s Normal mode Rossby waves are simulated with an efficient Double Fourier Series (DFS) spectral model, and their structures are investigated by the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. By selecting appropriately the wave-vector component for EOF analysis among the geopotential height and velocity fields of wavenumber one, it was possible to get the EOFs from the time series data whose ...

Cross-validated likelihood is investigated as a tool for automatically determining the appropriate number of components (given the data) in finite mixture modeling, particularly in the context of model-based probabilistic clustering. The conceptual framework for the cross-validation approach to model selection is straightforward in the sense that models are judged directly on their estimated ou...

This paper addresses the anomaly correlation of the 500-hPa geopotential heights from a suite of global multimodels and from a model-weighted ensemble mean called the superensemble. This procedure follows a number of current studies on weather and seasonal climate forecasting that are being pursued. This study includes a slightly different procedure from that used in other current experimental ...