Ways to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions In order to comply with the increasingly tough emission standards worldwide, engine manufacturers are forced not only to substantially reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM), but also emissions of nitrogen oxides. The main approach pursued by MTU is low-emission combustion, in other words an internal engine solution. However, this means taking into a...

In order to comply with the increasingly tough emission standards worldwide, engine manufacturers are forced not only to substantially reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM), but also emissions of nitrogen oxides. The main approach pursued by MTU is low-emission combustion, in other words an internal engine solution. However, this means taking into account a basic principle that governs th...

The paper describes correlation between combustion knock intensity and combustion rate calculated as the heat release rate from combustion pressure traces of a hydrogen fuelled spark ignited engine. Unlike a gasoline spark ignited (SI) engine, the hydrogen fuelled engine can easily generate knock during combustion at working conditions similar to a gasoline engine. However, the hydrogen knock d...

Combustion, while being part of our everyday experience, is a complex phenomenon involving a multitude of reactions and dynamics. There is great value in understanding combustion through mathematical modelling, not only for its own sake, but also because of the applications of the developed model to combustion-based industrial processes or to that perennial environmental threat to populace, pro...

High-bandwidth fuel modulation is currently one of the most promising methods for active combustion control. To attenuate the large pressure oscillations in the combustion chamber, the fuel is pulsed so that the heat release rate fluctuations damp the pressure oscillations in the combustor. This thesis focuses on the development and implementation of a high-bandwidth, proportional modulation sy...

The greenhouse gas emission intensity of refining lower quality petroleum was estimated from fuel combustion for energy used by operating plants to process crude oils of varying quality. Refinery crude feed, processing, yield, and fuel data from four regions accounting for 97% of U.S. refining capacity from 1999 to 2008 were compared among regions and years for effects on processing and energy ...

This paper presents the model to estimate heat release in fire compartment about four fuels, Douglas fir considering char formation and moisture content, methanol, methane and propane, with equivalence ratio Q on the basis of previous work and discusses about the difference of the combustion efficiency of them. As the result, calculated heat release of Douglas fir, methane and propane shows rel...

Two virtual sensors are proposed that use the spark-plug based ion current sensor for combustion engine control. The first sensor estimates combustion variability for the purpose of controlling exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and the second sensor estimates the pressure peak position for control of ignition timing. Use of EGR in engines is important because the technique can reduce fuel consump...

1. Many chemical contaminants are formed during the combustion of fuel both in the smoking and in the direct drying process. Examples include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), dioxins, formaldehyde, nitrogen and sulphur oxides (relevant for formation of e.g. nitrosamines). Furthermore, heavy metals are also found in combustion gases. The types and amount of contaminants depend on the fuel...

INTRODUCTION Advanced propulsion systems involve highly complex combustion flow processes. Extensive and accurate flowfield measurements can help to guide and support engine development. For example, in the hypersonic dual-combustor ramjet, the subsonic combustion chamber operating at fuel-rich conditions generates a complex multiphase combustion flow comprising liquid fuel droplets, soot parti...