The stability of forest ecosystems and their resilience in the event stressful situations is determined by species composition tree shrub plantations. Forest represent a biological system consisting community interconnected living organisms dominated woody vegetation, with direct influence abiotic factors complex. research purpose to determine pathological state. 13 trees (3 coniferous species,...

Of the many factors which affect animal production, wildlife is one of the few which has rarely been considered by the Australian Society of Animal Production. A variety of non-domesticated mammals are closely associated with the livestock industries and those which cause production losses are referred to as vertebrate pests in this contract. In some States this definition is carried further by...

The production and use of chemicals is an important source of economic welfare in Ghana. However, many chemicals also enter the environment and chemical pollution remains a major environmental issue in Ghana. In Ghana, mining and agriculture remain the major contributors to chemical pollution. For mining; mercury, cyanide and arsenic are normally the reported cases of contamination. Studies hav...

Pests and diseases are an existential threat to trees in forests woodlands. There is, therefore, a pressing need use ecological bioeconomic models inform forest managers on control mitigation strategies. For example, the incidence of Dothistroma needle blight UK has increased rapidly since 1990s, it is significant productivity commercial forestry. Climatic changes expected exacerbate this probl...