We propose a scheme for explicitly modeling and representing negation of word n-grams in an augmented word n-gram feature space. For the purpose of negation scope detection, we compare 2 methods: the simpler regular expression-based NegEx, and the more sophisticated Conditional Random Field-based LingScope. Additionally, we capture negation implicitly via word biand trigrams. We analyze the imp...

This thesis studies negation in logic and deductive databases. Among other things, two kinds of negation are discussed in detail: strong negation and nonmonotonic negation. In the logic part, we have constructed a rst-order logic CF0 of strong negation with bounded quanti ers. The logic is based on constructive logics, in particular, Thomason's logic CF. However, unlike constructive logic, quan...

The current paper presents an approach for analyzing the Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with the goal of automatically identifying morphologic negation such that swapping the truth values of concepts introduced by negation does not interfere with understanding the medical discourse. To identify morphologic negation we propose the RoPreNex strategy that represents the adaptation of our PreNex ...

This paper presents one of the two contributions from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid to the *SEM Shared Task 2012 on Resolving the Scope and Focus of Negation. We describe a rule-based system for detecting the presence of negations and delimitating their scope. It was initially intended for processing negation in opinionated texts, and has been adapted to fit the task requirements. It fi...

Abstract The study claims that contemporary Udmurt has two main strategies for expressing a ‘constituent negation reading’. Standard makes use of inverse-scope constructions involving sentential negation, i.e. morphosyntactically negated predicate and pragmatic focus in the scope negation. other strategy involves negator ńe borrowed from Russian, which immediately precedes constituent combines ...

We propose a constructive discursive logic with strong negation CDLSN based on Nelson’s constructive logic N as a constructive version of Jaśkowski’s discursive logic. In CDLSN, discursive negation is defined similar to intuitionistic negation and discursive implication is defined as material implication using discursive negation. We give an axiomatic system and Kripke semantics with a complete...

The aim of this paper is to provide a semantics for general logic programs (with negation by default) extended with explicit negation, subsuming well founded semantics 22]. The Well Founded semantics for extended logic programs (WFSX) is expressible by a default theory semantics we have devised 11]. This relationship improves the cross{fertilization between logic programs and default theories, ...

Famous medieval philosophers Al-Sijistani and Maimonides argued that the use of double negation helps us to better understand issues related to theology. To a modern reader, however, their arguments are somewhat obscure and unclear. We show that these arguments can be drastically clarified if we take into account the 20 century use of double negation in constructive logic. 1 Double Negation The...

In this paper, we evaluate the translation of negation both automatically and manually, in English–German (EN–DE) English– Chinese (EN–ZH). We show that ability neural machine (NMT) models to translate has improved with deeper more advanced networks, although performance varies between language pairs directions. The accuracy manual evaluation EN?DE, DE?EN, EN?ZH, ZH?EN is 95.7%, 94.8%, 93.4%, 9...