efflux time measurements are carried out for gravity draining of a liquid from a large cylindrical tank (where the flow is essentially laminar) through single exit pipe in the absence and presence of cetyl pyridinium chloride (cpc) surfactant solutions. the variables considered are initial height of liquid in the tank, dia. of tank, length of the exit pipe and concentration of surfactant. the d...

upstream blankets, drains and cutoff walls are considered as effective measures to reduce seepage, uplift pressure and exit gradient under the foundation of hydraulic structures. to investigate the effectiveness of these measures, individually or in accordance with others, a large number of experiments were carried out on a laboratory model. to extend the investigation for unlimited arrangement...

The graceful exit transition from a dilaton-driven inflationary phase to a decelerated Friedmann−Robertson−Walker era requires certain classical and quantum corrections to the string effective action. Classical corrections can stabilize a high curvature string phase while the evolution is still in the weakly coupled regime, and quantum corrections can induce violation of the null energy conditi...