The knowledge of the endocrine glands in aged animals seems necessary in the understanding of the relationship of endocrine glands to the whole organism. Most of our knowledge concerning the senile changes are based on the findings from laboratory animals . Meanwhile, reports concerning the ageing process of the endocrine glands of domestic animals are especially few. The present study is conce...

Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder worldwide. The striking increase in survival of these patients over the past decade has focused attention on abnormal endocrine function, now the most prevalent iron-induced complication in older patients. Trans-fusion related iron overload is the primary therapeutic complication in thalassemia major. Hemosiderosis of various endocrine glands incl...

The submandibular glands contain and secrete a large number of physiologically active proteins and peptides such as digestive enzymes, growth factors, homeostatic proteases and regulatory proteins and peptide hormones [1, 2]. These molecules subserve a range of biological functions essential for the maintenance of the health and the functioning of the oral cavity and the digestive tract [1, 36]...

Nc ORMAL reproduction and lactation in domestic animals are regulated by hormones, a group of chemical materials that are secreted by the ductless or endocrine glands directly into the blood stream. The blood carries these chemical messengers to the parts of the body where they produce their effects. Of the endocrine glands, the pituitary is the most important. In the cow it is about the size o...

In this study, we attempt to identify gastric telocytes (TCs) of the Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus, by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Toluidine blue staining showed TCs with one to two very thin and long telopodes (Tps) that were located in gastric lamina propria. Tps had characteristic structures, including podoms, podom...

As the primary regulator of the endocrine system, the pituitary gland is the most important of the endocrine glands. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pituitary, thyroid, and parathyroid glands, and the pancreas, adrenal cortex, ovaries, and testes. The pituitary regulates the actions of most of these glands and many other body functions. It, in turn, is regulated by the hypo...

Saliva is an exocrine secretion with the fluid and its components being dispensed into ducts. However, a significant component of salivary gland secretions is found in blood indicating endocrine secretion. The growth factors and hormones secreted into the blood by salivary glands manifest their actions in the face of stressful and often inflammatory stimuli, such as injury, trauma and infection...