Based on the synergetic approach, the theory of a single avalanche formation is presented for the simplest sandpile model. The stationary values of sand velocity, slope and avalanche intensity are derived as functions of control parameter (externally driven sandpile tilt). The statistical ensemble of avalanche intensities is considered to investigate diffusion in ultrametric space of hierarchic...

Snow avalanche paths are major geomorphic features in the Rocky Mountains of Glacier National Park, Montana. They are the most common and geographically widespread form of mass-wasting in the central portion of the park. Field work and aerialphoto studies identified over 800 such paths in the study area. Other mass-wasting phenomena are also common. Snow avalanche path directions in the study a...

‘Second harmonic power generation from GaAs-IMPATT diodes at 210GHz’, Int. J. Infrared Millim. Wuves, 1998, 19, (4), pp. 587593 EISELE, H.: ‘Efficient second-harmonic power extraction from GaAs TUNNETT diodes above 200GHz’, Electron. Lett., 1998, 34, (13), pp. 1324-1326 LIEBIG, D., and SCHUNEMANN, K.: ‘Cellular automaton particle simulation and sensitivity analysis of GaAs-MITATT-diodes for ope...

This paper reports a study on the inception condition of positive corona discharges around thundercloud hydrometeors that are simulated as a spherical point electrode. The corona inception from the hydrometeor is investigated using a model developed by Naidis (2005), which suggests that the discharge becomes self-sustaining when the number of ionizing photons produced by all secondary electron ...

A numerical calculation code was developed by employing a two-dimensional continuum model for the detailed design of MWPC (Multi-Wire Proportional Chamber) detectors. The temporal evolutions of electron and ion density distributions were evaluated for the time period required by ions to travel between the anode and the cathode. The temporal evolution of the electric field was also calculated to...

We have recently developed a wide-field photon-counting detector having high-temporal and high-spatial resolutions and capable of high-throughput (the H33D detector). Its design is based on a 25 mm diameter multi-alkali photocathode producing one photo electron per detected photon, which are then multiplied up to 107 times by a 3-microchannel plate stack. The resulting electron cloud is proximi...

Previous studies have investigated the incidence of traumatic injury in avalanche victims. But the relationship between these injuries and the terrain that produces them remains largely unknown. The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence of traumatic injury among historical avalanche victims and to evaluate the correlation with terrain features generally regarded to be traps. An analy...

Reported avalanche fatalities in the United States increased markedly through the latter half of the twentieth century, a result of the increasing popularity of winter sports. Despite this increase, the literature concerning US avalanche fatalities is sparse. This paper presents a comparison of three US databases containing avalanche fatality information: Storm Data, the West Wide Avalanche Net...