The primary goals of land-use planning are enunciated. A plea is made for consideration of the total biosphere and not just its separate components. The environmental impact statement process is reviewed and some suggestions made for its strengthening. Moves for international adoption of this process are noted, as well as the concept of eco-development currently under examination by UN agencies.

[reaction: see text] Eco-friendly direct solvent-free synthesis of flavones is achieved by microwave irradiation of phloroglucinol and beta-ketoesters. Heating with microwaves versus under classical conditions was shown to be higher yielding, cleaner, and faster. The reaction goes through a cycloaddition of an alpha-oxo ketene intermediate followed by an uncatalyzed thermal Fries rearrangement.

The reaction of primary aromatic amines with aryl aldehydes is found to be catalyzed by lemon juice as natural acid under solvent-free conditions to give the corresponding Schiff bases in good yields. This eco-friendly reaction has many advantages like economical, environmental, mild reaction conditions and simple work-up with high product yield.

Suzuki C-C cross-coupling of aryl halides with aryl boronic acids using new phosphene-free palladium complexes as precatalysts was investigated. A pyridine-based Pd(II)-complex was used in open air under thermal as well as microwave irradiation conditions using water as an eco-friendly green solvent.

1,5-Benzodiazepine derivatives were synthesized by the condensation reactions of o-phenylenediamine and ketones catalyzed by bismuth (III) salts under mild conditions. This method is easy, efficient, environment and eco-friendly, free of toxic catalysts, and gives good to excellent yields of 1, 5-benzodiazepines.

The data given below relates to the research paper entitled: "Eco-friendly films prepared from plantain flour/PCL blends under reactive extrusion conditions using zirconium octanoate as a catalyst", recently published by our research group [1]. This article provides information concerning the physicochemical properties of the above-mentioned film systems: thickness, density, opacity, moisture c...

Silica-ZnCl2 has been found to be an efficient and eco-friendly catalyst for the synthesis of substituted 4-methylcoumarins from ethyl acetoacetate and substituted phenols under "neat" conditions in an oil bath at 80°C. The experimental procedure is simple, includes shorter reaction times (15-65 min), compatible with sensitive functional groups, and results in excellent yield of the products.

Nanosilica periodic acid (nano-SPIA) is found to be a new, powerful, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the rapid synthesis of 2-naphtholazo dyes via diazotization of aromatic amines and followsazo coupling with 2-naphthol under solvent-free conditions at room temperature by grinding. Eco-friendly, heterogeneous reaction conditions, high stability of diazonium salt, simple experimental pro...

This article explores informal environmental education (EE) experiences at eco-attractions. A consortium of three UK-based environmental charities designed an eco-attraction-based EE program aiming to inspire responses to environmental change. Over six months, educators at six eco-attractions delivered this two-day program to 430 young people. This article conveys qualitative insights into lear...

Eco-environmental stress refers to the pressure borne by the environment in sustaining the pre-existing non-industrialized state and/or in counteracting adverse impacts caused by natural and human factors. The present article introduces the concept, research progress, and method for assessing eco-environmental stress. An eco-environmental stress index (ESI) is established to assess the eco-envi...