Introduction Although the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has proven to be a safe and effective target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treatment of primary dystonia, rates individual improvement vary considerably. On premise selecting appropriate patients, location contacts dorsolateral sensorimotor area STN may an important factor affecting therapeutic effects, but optimal remains unclear. This ...

Dystonia is a rare manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS), but it always interferes with the functional performance and quality of life. We report a rare case of long-lasting paroxysmal dystonia associated with MS. The patient was a 40-year-old woman with relapsing- remitting MS for 6 years. During the latest attack of MS, she suffered from long-lasting paroxysmal dystonia in her left hand. D...

BACKGROUND Primary dystonia is a chronic neurological movement disorder that causes abnormal muscle movements. Pain and emotional distress may accompany these physical symptoms. Behavioural interventions are used to help people with long term conditions improve their quality of life. Little is known about behavioural interventions applied to Dystonia. We report a systematic review of studies re...

Dystonia is an involuntary movement involving twisting and turning of agonist and antagonist muscles. Cervical dystonia is isolated to neck musculature. Botulinum toxin type A is a safe and effective treatment of this disabling and often painful syndrome. Three forms of botulinum toxin type A are available worldwide to treat patients with cervical dystonia. This is a review of the studies of bo...

BACKGROUND Adult-onset focal dystonias (AOFDs) are non-task-specific or task-specific and may spread to other body segments of affected patients. CASE REPORT We report the case of a barber with non-task-specific craniocervical dystonia and a new occupational focal hand dystonia (while using scissors). DISCUSSION Different AOFDs may develop and coexist in the same "vulnerable" patient. Haird...

Cervical Dystonia (CD) is the most common type of focal dystonia in movement disorders units any specialized hospital around world. Botulinum Toxin (BT) infiltration treatment choice for CD, according to experts world, however efficacy and tolerance BT therapy CD depend on accuracy when released into muscles. We reviewed medical literature regard use guiding tools patients. Results: The such as...

Reports of primary isolated dystonia inherited in an autosomal-recessive (AR) manner, often lumped together as "DYT2 dystonia," have appeared in the scientific literature for several decades, but no genetic cause has been identified to date. Using a combination of homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in a consanguineous kindred affected by AR isolated dystonia, we identified homozygo...

Dystonia is a brain disorder causing involuntary, often painful movements. Apart from a role for dopamine deficiency in some forms, the cellular mechanisms underlying most dystonias are currently unknown. Here, we discover a role for deficient eIF2α signaling in DYT1 dystonia, a rare inherited generalized form, through a genome-wide RNAi screen. Subsequent experiments including patient-derived ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the hypothesis that GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) mutations are responsible for the phenotype of highly anticholinergic responsive dystonia in patients with apparent primary torsion dystonia. METHODS From 107 British patients with clinically diagnosed primary torsion dystonia, seven patients were identified with an excellent response to anticholinergic drugs. All six e...

Task-specific dystonia is a form of isolated focal dystonia with the peculiarity of being displayed only during performance of a specific skilled motor task. This distinctive feature makes task-specific dystonia a particularly mysterious and fascinating neurological condition. In this review, we cover phenomenology and its increasingly broad-spectrum risk factors for the disease, critically rev...