C Maximum likelihood estimation C.1 Building the likelihoood function Let Θ = (Θ1; Θ2) = (σ , σ η, σ u, π; β1, λ1, β2, λ2, φ) be the vector of parameters. Let X = (x1,s,t, x2,s,t, r1,s,t, r2,s,t) be the vector of observables, with r2 = p2− p1 and r1 = p1. Let 1(x) be an indicator variable equal to 1 if the event x has occured, and 0 otherwise. Let g(x) be the standard normal PDF and G(x) the st...

Researchers in education and the social sciences make extensive use of linear regression models in which the dependent variable is continuous-valued while the explanatory variables are a combination of continuous-valued regressors and dummy variables. The dummies partition the sample into groups, some of which may contain only a few observations. Such groups may easily include enough outliers t...

T his paper aims to understand the structure and determinants of international bank l ending among APEC economies. Specifically, this paper first aims to analyze whether Australia Canada Japan Chinese Taipei and the United States, which are the only APEC members for which international borrowing data are available, tend to lend more intensively to other APEC members than to non-APEC countries ....

Revisiting Inter-Industry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap: An Identification Problem We propose a measure of the industrial gender wage gap which is free from an identification problem by using inter-industry wage differentials, or industrial wage premia. We draw on a recent literature showing that a normalized regression equation can be used to resolve the identification problem in ...

This paper examines problems in studying the relationship between casinos and crime, with a focus on a recently published, infl uential study (Grinols and Mustard 2006) which concluded that casinos cause a signifi cant amount of county-level crime in the U.S. Five key issues are examined. First, the most serious problem with their analysis is that it uses a crime rate that excludes the visiting...

We consider a simple model of cooperation among agents called Coalitional Skill Games (CSGs). This is a restricted form of coalitional games, where each agent has a set of skills that are required to complete various tasks. Each task requires a set of skills in order to be completed, and a coalition can accomplish the task only if the coalition’s agents cover the set of required skills for the ...

one dummy symbol has to be included for the sequence In this paper, a new generation and an information construction methods for a modulated orthogonal sequence are suggested the sequence is generated by only integer sums and modular techniques. The autocorrelation and cram correlation characteristics of the sequence are investigated via a new procedure. A modified sequence also having the orth...

This empirical study attempts to verify non-linearity relationships among three quality dimensions and user satisfaction from the DeLone and McLean IS Success Model. We use survey data from Agriculture integrated eXcellence systems (AgriX) users and a multiple regression analysis with dummy variables to analyze separately high and low performance groups. Results from the analysis suggest that i...

(a) Consider a random assignment α where every variable is set independently and with probability 12 to either 0 or 1. The probability that a 3-clause is not satis ed by α is 1 8 , which is the case when all its literals evaluate to zero. Therefore, the probability that a clause is satis ed is 1− 18 = 7 8 . Let Xi be the indicator variable for the event that clause i is satis ed by the random a...

In the last few years, increasingly kicks to the head were observed as a criminal offense. This study examined the influence of age, shoe type and kicking direction on the severity of head trauma. Male test persons were divided into two groups “Old” and “Young”. Both groups were equipped with light sneakers and combat boots. A standard laboratory crash dummy was used to simulate the victim’s bo...