A combination of approaches was used to examine the bacterial communities associated with 2 deep-water Scleritoderma spp. sponges. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of partial 16S rRNA genes extracted from sponge tissue was used to determine the structure of the sponge-associated bacterial community. Cultivation studies using a variety of marine-based media and medium additions w...

Longstanding mechanistic questions about the role of protecting osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) that favors protein folding and the denaturing osmolyte urea are addressed by studying their effects on the folding of uncharged polymer chains. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we show that 1 M TMAO and 7 M urea solutions act dramatically differently on these model polymer chai...

Biomolecular simulations enabled by massively parallel supercomputers such as BlueGene/L promise to bridge the gap between the currently accessible simulation time scale and the experimental time scale for many important protein folding processes. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for both the wild-type and the mutant hen lysozyme (TRP62GLY) to study the single muta...

Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, and epidemiological evidence indicates poultry products to be a significant source of human Campylobacter infections. Caprylic acid, an eight-carbon medium-chain fatty acid, reduces Campylobacter colonization in chickens. How caprylic acid reduces Campylobacter carriage may be related to changes in intestinal microflora...

PURPOSE To reexamine whether the alpha5 chain of type IV (alpha5[IV]) collagen, thought to be absent, is in fact present in human amniotic membrane. METHODS Cryosections of human amniotic membrane obtained at Cesarean section were immunohistochemically examined for the presence of alpha5(IV), with or without inclusion of the denaturing step. Amniotic membrane was digested with collagenase to ...

The intestinal bacterial diversity of Stichopus japonicus was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) clone library and Polymerase Chain Reaction/Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The clone library yielded a total of 188 clones, and these were sequenced and classified into 106 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with sequence similarity ranging from 88 to 100%. The cov...

Effluent from a fish tank with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was treated in system of two parallel fixed-bed anaerobic reactors followed by suspended stirred, anoxic reactor for solids, organic matter and nitrogen removal. Microbial community structure compared between the an enriched anammox culture originated sludge using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel El...

The quality of mango is affected by environmental factors, but only a few are the basic limiting factors. Temperature and relative humidity serious problems under field conditions in harvesting, table processing mango. In addition, these two factors affect crop influencing its physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration other related aspects activities. This paper review done fo...