* Here, we evaluated how increased shading and declining net photosynthetic capacity regulate the decline in net carbon balance with increasing leaf age for 10 Australian woodland species. We also asked whether leaves at the age of their mean life-span have carbon balances that are positive, zero or negative. * The net carbon balances of 2307 leaves on 53 branches of the 10 species were estimat...

In the pineal gland, synthesis of melatonin requires O-methylation catalyzed by hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT; EC 2.1.1.4). We investigated in vivo the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of rat pineal HIOMT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and activity using in situ hybridization and radioenzymatic assay. HIOMT mRNA levels and activity are both detectable during the dayti...

We calculate the running of low-energy neutrino parameters from the bottom up, parameterizing the unknown seesaw parameters in terms of the dominance matrix R. We find significant running only if the R matrix is non-trivial and the light-neutrino masses are moderately degenerate. If the light-neutrino masses are very hierarchical, the quark-lepton complementarity relation θc + θ12 = π/4 is quit...

BACKGROUND Commonly used vision-targeted health-related quality of life questionnaires almost exclusively focus items on vision under daytime conditions. Older adults even when in good eye health frequently report experiencing vision problems at night and under low environmental light levels, and psychophysical studies also document these visibility problems. Here we compare the progression of ...

Various combinations of interventions were used to phase-delay circadian rhythms to correct their misalignment with night work and day sleep. Young participants (median age = 22, n = 67) participated in 5 consecutive simulated night shifts (2300 to 0700) and then slept at home (0830 to 1530) in darkened bedrooms. Participants wore sunglasses with normal or dark lenses (transmission 15% or 2%) w...