Neural signals transmitted from the pineal organ to the brain in cold-blooded vertebrates provide information about ambient illumination, information of importance for the synchronization of activity rhythms with the light-dark cycle. The ultrastructure of intrapineal projection neurons (pineal "ganglion cells") was studied after retrograde filling with HRP through their cut axons. The dominati...

Development of orientation maps in ferret and cat primary visual cortex (V1) has been shown to be stable, in that the earliest measurable maps are similar in form to the eventual adult map, robust, in that similar maps develop in both dark rearing and in a variety of normal visual environments, and yet adaptive, in that the final map pattern reflects the statistics of the specific visual enviro...

This unprecedented research endeavors to investigate the relationship between dark personality traits (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and corruption intention through the mediation of anxiety.  Based on the resource conservation theory, it is hypothesized that those higher in dark personality traits are more inclined to corrupt when they feel anxious. Having collected data...

Approximately, half of the patients with progressive sepsis develop encephalopathy, but there is scarce knowledge onto question that how the sepsis associated encephalopathy contributes brain dysfunction. Hippocampus is one of the most vulnerable regions during experimental sepsis. In the present study, effects of sepsis on the neuronal density and morphology in CA1, CA3 and DG areas were inves...

W hen we consider the extraordinary abilities of our brains, we tend to focus on much-valued capabilities for the manipulation of abstract symbols and for the representation of the self. It is these capabilities that allow us to use language, do mathematics, create music, play chess, and maintain, as we do all this and much more, a unifi ed and continuous sense of who we are. As much as we deli...

Previous studies have shown that the morphology of the neuromuscular junction of the flight motor neuron MN5 in Drosophila melanogaster undergoes daily rhythmical changes, with smaller synaptic boutons during the night, when the fly is resting, than during the day, when the fly is active. With electron microscopy and laser confocal microscopy, we searched for a rhythmic change in synapse number...

Identifying and understanding the current sources that give rise to bioelectric fields is a fundamental problem in the biological sciences. It is very difficult, for example, to attribute the time-varying features of an electroencephalogram recorded from the head surface to the neural activity of specific brain areas; model systems can provide important insight into such problems. Some species ...

Development of orientation maps in ferret and cat primary visual cortex (V1) has been shown to be stable, in that the earliest measurable maps are similar in form to the eventual adult map, robust, in that similar maps develop in both dark rearing and in a variety of normal visual environments, and yet adaptive, in that the final map pattern reflects the statistics of the specific visual enviro...