: Optical separate spatial dark and bright soliton pairs in steady-state case in one dimension, for a series circuit consisting of two-photon photorefractive (PR) crystal are investigated. Each crystal can be supported the spatial soliton, and at least one must be photovoltaic. The two solitons are known collectively as separate spatial soliton pairs with dark–dark, bright–dark and bright–brigh...

A nonlinear optical single crystal of L-histidinium 2-nitrobenzoate has been grown by slow evaporation method. The grown crystal was subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to confirm that the crystal belongs to the monoclinic system. Dielectric studies reveal that both dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreases with increase in frequency at different temperatures. Some fu...

An efficient solid-state approach was established to synthesize (K0.5Na0.5) NbO3 ceramics using calcination kinetics and microwave assisted sintering. Milling of carbonate and oxide raw materials were carried out for 15h to obtain homogeneous nano particles. The crystallite size of 5.30 nm was obtained for the KNN system after calcination through optimized parameters and observed to be stoichio...

The equations providing to describe generation process in FEL with varied parameters of diffraction grating (photonic crystal) are obtained. It is shown that applying diffraction gratings (photonic crystal) with the variable period one can significantly increase radiation output. It is mentioned that diffraction gratings (photonic crystal) can be used for creation of the dynamical wiggler with ...

An embedded crystal (eCrystal) oscillator is implemented by a standard CMOS process to enable a truly single-chip and system-on-a-chip (SoC) solution. The eCrystal eliminates the use of a bulky quartz crystal or any external reference sources, and provides a stable clock source to the system as a quartz crystal does. Under the variations of silicon manufacturing process, operation voltage, and ...

The deficiency in existing sugar cane crystallization automatic control system is difficult to measure some key parameters on line, such as mother liquor supersaturation, mother liquor purity, crystal content and crystal size distribution. Controlling brix with PID can only reflect the massecuite concentration of sugar cane crystallization process, but it is hard to guarantee the crystal qualit...

Crystal engineering has recently emerged as a method of choice for the design and construction of organic as well as metal-organic functional materials. Crystal engineering attempts to establish packing trends in whole families of compounds and seeks to establish connections between structure and function. The utility of crystal engineering has also been expanded to the nanoscience and the deve...