Better knowledge of unexpected fetal loss is the promise for better parental counseling and for prevention of recurrences. Fetal autopsy can provide a clue to ascertain cause of death in these cases. Variations in the incidence can be attributed to multiple factors. The present study was carried out to help us to develop a database concerning number of autopsies, incidence and types of congenit...

IMPLICATIONS Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is often used during surgical repair of congenital heart disease. In our case series of 256 newborns and infants, we found that a left paracarinal view of TEE could visualize the proximal left pulmonary artery, a frequent blind spot for TEE, in most patients, except in a few cases with anatomic variations of the esophagus in the right lateral ...

Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries are the important causes of morbidity and mortality associated with chest pain or sudden death. This clinical and hemodynamic significance makes the study of variations by using noninvasive imaging modalities like Multi Detector Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (MDCT CA) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative evaluation. In th...

Duplicate gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from abnormalities in embryogenesis during the fifth and sixth weeks of gestation. Approximately 210 cases have been described. Variations include duplicate, triplicate, and septated gallbladder. We encountered a 15-year-old girl with both a duplicated gallbladder and a duplicated cystic duct who underwent successful laparoscopic chol...

INTRODUCTION Midline cleft of mandible, classified as Tessier 30 clefts is extremely rare, with less than 100 reported cases in the latest studies. Variations in severity and associated malformations have been reported before. CASE PRESENTATION In this report, we present the first documented Iranian case of Tessier 30 with median cleft of lower lip and bifid tongue concomitant with congenital...

study in Japan. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140(10):1233-1238. 6. Altamura D, Zalaudek I, Sera F, et al. Dermoscopic changes in acral melanocytic nevi during digital follow-up. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(11):13721376. 7. Ozdemir F, Karaarslan IK, Akalin T. Variations in the dermoscopic features of acquired acral melanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(11):13781384. 8. Minagawa A, Koga H, Saida T. Dermos...

Regeneration of normal shape, architecture, and function of craniofacial tissues following congenital abnormality, trauma, or surgical treatment presents special problems to tissue engineering. Because of the great variations in properties of these tissues, currently available treatment options fall short of adequate care. We propose that the engineering of personalized bone graft customized to...

Sir, The importance of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) as a donor muscle in tendon transfers,[1,2] as a tendon graft[3,4] and as an anatomical landmark has been well established. The anatomical variations of FCR are very rare but can have great significance in such cases.[5,6] We report a rare case of congenital absence of FCR muscle found during an elective surgery of bone grafting for scaphoid no...

Vertebral artery injury may occur at the time of cervical fracture or dislocation. Congenital vertebral artery variations, especially a double vertebral artery origin, may be responsible for angiographic findings that mimic vertebral artery dissection. Two cases of cervical spine fracture with ipsilateral double vertebral artery are presented. Conventional cerebral angiography is the easiest an...

Anatomic variations of the normal position spleen in left upper quadrant is an uncommon condition called wandering or ectopic spleen. This has incidence rate <0.2% and most often diagnosed children under one year age women who are their third decade life, referred symptoms presented by patients abdominal pain, either acute intermittent, associated with a palpable mass lower abdomen. There tw...