Many tasks like image segmentation, web page classification, and information extraction can be cast as joint inference tasks in collective graphical models. Such models exploit any inter-instance associative dependence to output more accurate labelings. However existing collective models support very limited kind of associativity — like associative labeling of different occurrences of the same ...

The semi-private property rights arrangement called the Household Production Responsibility System (HPRS) was started in the early 1980s in Xilingol pasture of Inner Mongolia (China), and stimulated the development of stockbreeding. The grassland has been degrading severely with increasing numbers of livestock. Based on a historical review of property rights regimes in Inner Mongolia and empiri...

The CAPRi Program is one of several Inter-Center Initiatives of the CGIAR and aims to promote comparative research on the role played by property and collective action institutions in shaping the efficiency, sustainability, and equity components of natural resource systems. CAPRi Working Papers contain preliminary material and research results, and are circulated prior to a full peer review in ...

Abstract Collective land titling often drags on for decades, while private concessions and holdings do not face the same problem, creating ‘leftovers’ of available Indigenous peoples to attempt collectively title. In two ethnographic case studies in Cambodia Paraguay, we analyse community‐based by focusing on‐the‐ground dynamics property relations, livelihood shifts ecological change. both coun...

CAPRi Working Papers contain preliminary material and research results, and are circulated prior to a full peer review in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. It is expected that most Working Papers will eventually be published in some other form, and that their content may also be revised. COLLECTIVE ACTION, PROPERTY RIGHTS, AND DEVOLUTION OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: EXCHANG...

Optimization of systems with many connicting constraints arises in numerous settings. Common optimization procedures seek to improve performance of the system as a whole. We show that coevolutionary problem solving, in which a system is partitioned into subsystems each of which sellshly optimizes, can lead to enhanced performance as a collective emergent property. Optimally partitioned systems ...

This is the author’s preprint version. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotion or for creating new collective works for resale or for redistribution to thirds must be obtained from the copyright owner. The camera-ready version of this work has been published at Routing in Opportunistic Networks, date of May ...

Trust is viewed as a computational construct capable of being explicitly studied and modeled. Although articulated as a (functional) property of individual agents, the collective effect of events influencing (and being influenced by) trust judgments can impact organizational behavior. In this paper we summarize our work on agent trust and explore a current study on trust, cooperativity, and ben...

Bend it, shape it, remember it Shape-memory alloys have the useful property of returning to their original shape after being greatly deformed. This process depends on the collective behavior of many small mineral grains in the metal. Using threedimensional x-ray diffraction, Sedmák et al. tracked over 15,000 grains in a nickel-titanium shape-memory alloy as it moved through this transformation,...