Since the widespread use of hypothermic potassium cardioplegia began, marked reductions in perioperative mortality and the rate of Q wave-associated myocardial infarctions have been noted. No study to date has evaluated whether there has been an equally dramatic improvement in the incidence of postoperative myocardial infarctions unassociated with Q wave development. We used a previously valida...

Experimental observation of wave-packet propagation in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies in a tokamak plasma is reported. Studies were carried out in the Caltech Research Tokamak [Phys. Fluids 23,614 ( 1980) ] in a pure hydrogen plasma and in a regime where fast-wave damping was sufficiently small to permit multiple toroidal transits of the wave packet. Waves were launched by exciting a sm...

A nonlinear multiwave model that describes the interaction of an electron beam, plasma waves, and electromagnetic waves in a cold plasma is derived and studied. The derivation, which is based on slow amplitude and phase change approximations, begins with the electromagnetic Lagrangian coupled to an electron beam, a background plasma, and electrostatic and electromagnetic waves. The model obtain...

ALagrangian fluid model ~cold plasma, fixed ions! is developed for analyzing the coupling between electron plasma waves. This model shows that a small wave number electron plasma wave (v2 ,k2) will strongly affect a large wave number electron plasma wave (v1 ,k1), transferring its energy into daughter waves or sidebands at (v11nv2 ,k11nk2) in the lab frame. The accuracy of the model is checked ...

The tropopause plays an important role in climate change, particularly in Tibet with complex topography and climate change system. In this paper, the temperature and height of the Cold Point Tropopause (CPT) in Tibet are obtained and investigated from COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) GPS Radio Occultation (RO) during June 2006–Feb 2014, which are c...