Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are a promising nanotechnology to implement digital circuits at the nanoscale. Devices based on QCA have the advantages of faster speed, lower power consumption, and greatly reduced sizes. In this paper, we are presented the circuits, which generate random numbers in QCA.  Random numbers have many uses in science, art, statistics, cryptography, gaming, gambli...

Millimeter-wave communication uses a frequency of at least 30GHz, which is higher than that commonly used for wireless local-area networks (LANs) and cellular phones. Millimeter waves have been used for business communications and radar in luxury cars; however, their use has not yet spread to the general public. In recent years, an increasing amount of research results on millimeter-wave comple...

Planar memristive devices with bottom electrodes embedded into the substrates were integrated on top of CMOS substrates using nanoimprint lithography to implement hybrid circuits with a CMOL-like architecture. The planar geometry eliminated the mechanically and electrically weak parts, such as kinks in the top electrodes in a traditional crossbar structure, and allowed the use of thicker and th...

CMOS integrated circuit analysis and design is a fast paced field which deals with many advanced technologies and a difficult skill for many students in a comprehensive first course in Microelectronics. New methods and techniques to help novices learn are needed. In this paper the transistor role concept is used and common individual CMOS transistor roles are identified. Typical circuit and blo...

In this paper, supply, process & temperature compensated, low voltage current reference for CMOS integrated circuits is presented. To minimize production cost, it uses no BJTs, external components or trimming procedures. This circuit is designed in Intel-22nm process and evaluated by computer simulations. The circuit behaviour is supported by theoretical expressions and is in agreement with sim...

A fully integrated phase-locked loop (PLL) fabricated in a 0.24 micrometer, 2.5v digital CMOS technology is described. The PLL is intended for use in multi-gigabit-per-second clock recovery circuits in fiber-optic communication chip. This PLL first time achieved a very large locking range measured to be from 30MHz up to 2GHz in 0.24 micrometer CMOS technology. Also it has very low peak-to-peak ...

In this paper, we implement a model of an electric fish, Eigenmannia, that detects frequency differences between the individuals, on analog CMOS circuits. The circuit’s fundamental function is equivalent to a conventional CMOS frequency comparator, although less post-processing is still required. The circuit consists of Pand T-units each of which encodes amplitudes and phases of the monitored e...

The very fast growing market of portable equipment is increasing interest in low power integrates circuit. So, designing low power integrated circuits requires reduction of supply voltages and interconnection parasitic to minimum but reduction in supply voltage implies series of problems in circuit design. To overcome these issues, an Ultra low power low voltage two stage class AB CMOS fully di...