Artificial neural networks are, by their definition, non-linear functions. Typically, this means that it is impossible to find a closed-form solution for the inverse function of a neural network. This paper presents a special form of neural network classifier that allows for its algebraic inversion in order to find the boundary between classes. The control of the fuel-air ratio in a spark ignit...

We report on power handling oriented design of kagome lattice hollow-core fiber and demonstrate through it for the first time nanosecond laser pulses induced spark ignition in a friendly manner. Two different core designs and transmission bands are investigated and evaluated. The energy threshold damage was measured to be in excess of the 10 mJ level and the output power density is approaching ...

By use of high-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging, the evolution of turbulent reactive flows was recorded and studied in real time in a filmlike manner. The technique was used to track the concentration field of the OH radical, which was produced during spark ignition of a turbulent methane/air mixture. The results were compared qualitatively to a two-dimensional direct nume...

Motorcycle performance is influenced by many factors, including combustion chamber dimension, fuel characteristic, type of spark plug, spray flame, ignition timing, and the chamber's cooling system to avoid incomplete knocking processes. The plug an essential component SIE. Several studies, such as gap, material type, multiple-ground Electrode, roughness, etc., have been conducted examine effec...

Homogeneous charge compression ignition technology has exhibited high potential to reduce fuel consumption and NOx emissions over normal spark-ignition engines significantly. Optimized kinetic process technology is implemented to realize homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion in a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The combustion and emission characteristics are investigated with ...

In an effort to reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuels and increase engine efficiency, fuel-flexible engines with advanced technologies, including variable valve timing, are being developed. Fuel-flexible spark-ignition engines permit the increased use of ethanol–gasoline blends. Ethanol, an alternative to petroleum-based gasoline, is a renewable fuel, which has the added advantage of impro...

The paper presents the results of modelling thermal cycle of internal combustion engine including exhaust gas recirculation. The test engine can not achieve the optimum parameters of work due to occurrence of the knock combustion. The influence of EGR on the limits of the knock occurrence in the engine was studied. It turned out that few percent of exhaust gases in the fresh charge effectively ...

The Research Octane Number (RON) and the Motor (MON) are primary fuel properties that characterize gasoline’s knock resistance in spark ignition engines. utility of these two metrics, however, has been questioned with advancements engine technologies significantly change thermochemical environment inside cylinder. Index, OI = (1-K)·RON + K·MON, therefore proposed to modern engines where K weigh...