BACKGROUND One of the biggest obstacles to developing policies in cancer care in Southeast Asia is lack of reliable data on disease burden and economic consequences. In 2012, we instigated a study of new cancer patients in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region - the Asean CosTs In ONcology (ACTION) study - to assess the economic impact of cancer. METHODS The ACTION study i...

The disappearance of the guanosine triphosphate- (GTP) tubulin cap is widely believed to be the forerunner event for the growth-shrinkage transition ("catastrophe") in microtubule filaments in eukaryotic cells. We study a discrete version of a stochastic model of the GTP cap dynamics, originally proposed by Flyvbjerg, Holy, and Leibler [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2372 (1994)]. Our model includes both...

Catastrophe theory is a method discovered by Thorn [14] of using singularities of smooth maps to model nature. In such models there are often several levels of structure, just as in a geometry problem there can be several levels of structure, for instance the topological, differential, algebraic, and affine, etc. And, just as in geometry the topological level is generally the deepest and may im...

Microtubules are rigid, hollow rods that help determinecell shapeandplay roles in a variety of dynamic processes, such as organelle transport and mitosis. These roles require microtubules to be highly dynamic. Microtubules are composed of heterodimeric tubulin subunits that assemble into a polar, cylindrical polymer with a dynamic plus end and a less dynamic minus end. Addition or loss of tubul...

Microtubules are rigid, hollow rods that help determinecell shapeandplay roles in a variety of dynamic processes, such as organelle transport and mitosis. These roles require microtubules to be highly dynamic. Microtubules are composed of heterodimeric tubulin subunits that assemble into a polar, cylindrical polymer with a dynamic plus end and a less dynamic minus end. Addition or loss of tubul...

Catastrophe risk governance has become one of the key issues affecting global sustainable development. As great changes have taken place in social ecosystem, degree interconnection between different regions today’s society is much greater than ever before. Various types contact networks, e.g., production chain and supply chain, been created, which provide diversified channels for spread catastr...

Microtubules are rigid, hollow rods that help determinecell shapeandplay roles in a variety of dynamic processes, such as organelle transport and mitosis. These roles require microtubules to be highly dynamic. Microtubules are composed of heterodimeric tubulin subunits that assemble into a polar, cylindrical polymer with a dynamic plus end and a less dynamic minus end. Addition or loss of tubul...