Four local anaesthetic solutions (2% carbonated lignocaine with or without adrenaline and 0.5% bupivacaine HCl with or without adrenaline) were used randomly for 335 continuous lumbar extradural blocks in labour. Carbonated lignocaine caused a more rapid onset of analgesia than bupivacaine HCl. The addition of adrenaline made little difference to the onset times, prolonged markedly the duration...

Aim: To observe energy drink induced ovarian cytotoxicity and possible protective effects of co-administration omega 3 fatty acids. Methods: The experimental study comprised 36 adult female albino rats was conducted at anatomy department, PGMI, Lahore. Animals were divided into groups. Group A control. Groups B received drink. C along with drinks once daily orally for 30 consecutive days. Rats ...

It is not uncommon for research and quality control samples, including carbonated beverage samples, to be refrigerated or frozen during peak periods of production and/or sampling, when analytical demand exceeds instrumental capacity. However, the effect of sub-ambient temperatures on carbonated beverage composition during storage has not been well characterized. Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy ...

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Diet carbonated soft drinks were introduced to help consumers lower caloric intake. However, critics suggest that these can provide an excuse consume more calories, a so-called “Big Mac and Coke” mentality is consistent with behavioral theories such as moral licensing (e.g., combining healthy eating choice indulgent, less one). Using individual-level food drink consumer panel data from major fa...

BACKGROUND Carbonated and non-carbonated beverages manufactured based on mineral and spring waters have been present at the Polish market shortly, and their production and sales are regularly growing. The products have become commonly known as flavoured waters. OBJECTIVE The aim of the work was to identify and assess the content of carbohydrates used for sweetening mineral and spring water-ba...

BACKGROUND Intakes of high sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in adults can escalate risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, data of longitudinal studies in children and adolescents are lacking. In this study we assessed consumption of SSBs in relation to incidence of MetS among children and adolescents during a 3.6 year follow-up. METHODS This study was a population-based longitudinal stud...