Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen of cattle and it occurs worldwide. The biology of this virus is complex because it is associated with many diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from mild acute infections to fatal mucosal disease. BVDV can infect cattle at all ages including the fetus (1-3). Serological evidence shows that BVDV is a common infectious a...

BACKGROUND This study focused on the descriptive analysis of cattle movements and farm-level parameters derived from cattle movements, which are considered to be generically suitable for risk-based surveillance systems in Switzerland for diseases where animal movements constitute an important risk pathway. METHODS A framework was developed to select farms for surveillance based on a risk scor...

In hypothyroid patients, altered microvascular structure and function may affect mood and cognitive function. We hypothesized that adult male hypothyroid rats will have significantly lower forebrain blood vessel densities (BVD) than euthyroid rats and that treatment with 3,5-diiothyroprionic acid (DITPA) (a thyroid hormone analog) or thyroxine (T(4)) will normalize BVDs. The euthyroid group rec...

Studies covering all aspects of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) have been conducted in several countries in Europe, Asia and America. In southern Africa, more information is required about the nature of BVDV infection, the prevalence of different strains and the economic importance of the disease. The presence of BVDV in southern Africa has been known since the early 1970s through serologic...

BACKGROUND Lymphatic vessels are major routes for metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are difficult to recognize in tumor histological sections. D2-40 stains podoplanin, a molecule expressed in LECs, however, the potential prognostic usefulness of this molecule is not completely understood in HNSCC. We aimed to investigate the valu...

Classical swine fever (CSF), commonly known in the United States as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease of swine caused by a Pestivirus related to bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) and border disease virus (BDV) of sheep. Virulence varies from mild to severe. Most current outbreaks are associated with moderately virulent strains.1 The classic virulent disease is now rather uncommon. Cla...

Available diagnostic tests for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and the persistently infected (PI) BVDV carrier state are reviewed and presented in table format. The test of choice will depend on the age of animal being tested, whether the animal is alive or dead and whether the veterinarian is only interested in identifying PI animals or if transiently infected (TI) animals are also of inter...

Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) have been isolated alone or in combination with other viral and bacterial pathogens in animals diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease (BRD), a disease causing major economic loss to the feedlot industry. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of Mannheimia haemolytica challenge after short-term exposure (72 h) to bovine viral diarrh...