Traveling wave Ti:LiNbO, Mach-Zehnder optical modulators with buried electrodes and etched grooves in the SiO, buffer layer are analyzed by the finite element method. The tradeofl between the bandwidth BW and the half-waue voltage V, is discussed. The value of BW/V7 is used to weight the total performance of the modulator. Taking a thick buffer layer and etching deep grooves in the buffer layer...

Plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy have been used for a detailed study of the defects formed in capped InAs/GaAs quantum dot QD samples. Three main types of defects, V-shaped defects, single stacking faults, and stacking fault pyramids, were found to form under growth conditions that led to either very large, indium enriched, or coalesced islands. All three types of ...

A new PIN photodiode (PD) structure with deep n-well (DNW) fabricated in an epitaxial substrate complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (epi-CMOS) process is presented. The DNW buried inside the epitaxial layer intensifies the electric field deep inside the epi-layer significantly, and helps the electrons generated inside the epi-layer to drift faster to the cathode. Therefore, this new structu...

This paper reports recent results of a direct-detection X-ray CMOS image sensor for X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) experiments. The sensor incorporates the in-pixel dual gain circuitry by using Fully Depleted-Silicon-On-Insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS transistors located on top of the buried oxide (BOX) layer. Beneath of the BOX layer, high resistivity handle wafer made from floating zone method was ...

Soft x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to examine the electronic structure of deeply buried silicide thin films that arise in Fe/Si multilayers. These systems exhibit antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling of the Fe layers, despite their lack of a noble metal spacer layer found in most GMR materials. Also, the degree of coupling is very dependent on preparation conditions, especially space...

The fabrication of horizontal structure and vertical structure is proposed based on the parameters of the transient diode, theory is combined with practice in the progress of design, the picture of structural parameters is charted in this paper, establishes the foundation for mading the transient diode with reliability. Transient diode horizontal structure design is an important element in the ...

The 2000 eruption of Mount Oyama on the island of Miyake (Miyake-jima) created a unique opportunity to study the early ecosystem development on newly exposed terrestrial substrates. In this study, bacterial and fungal communities on 9- and 11-year-old volcanic deposits at poorly to fully vegetation-recovered sites in Miyake-jima, Japan, were characterized by conventional culture-based methods a...

A survey was conducted to determine the density and species composition of viable seeds buried in four stands of a tropical montane forest at Parque Estadual Intervales, Brazil. The objective was to understand: (1) how numbers and composition of the soil seed bank change as the forest regrows, and (2) how such changes affect the species available for regeneration if forests of different ages ar...

This article develops a numerical model suitable for analysing elastic wave scattering in buried pipelines. The model is based on a previous so-called hybrid approach, where a nominally infinite length of pipe is split up into uniform and non-uniform regions. The key challenge for buried structures is in enforcing the appropriate boundary conditions in both the axial and radial directions, whic...