cough is a common reason for seeking medical advices for children. cough is a natural defense mechanism and can frequently occur in healthy children and can be increased by urban living and polluted cities. thus, previous history, cough exacerbations factors and quality of cough are very helpful in diagnosis of pathological cough. there are different definitions for chronic cough. in this artic...

background: lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated originally from sourdough are probably the best candidates as biopreservatives, because they are well adapted to the non-aseptic conditions in sourdough fermentation. the aim of the present study was to study antifungal properties of a dominant endogenous lab isolated from whole barley sourdough. methods: whole barley flour from a mixture of barle...

3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) is a trace amine derived from thyroid hormone metabolism circulating in rodents and humans (Scanlan et al 2004; Galli et al., 2012; Saba et al., 2010., Manni et al., 2013) whose physiological role remains to be discovered. Much is instead known on T1AM pharmacological effects including hyperalgesia and stimulation of learning in mice (Manni et al.2014). The mechanisms r...

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over trial, we studied the effects of the muscarinic M1-receptor-selective antagonist (+/-)-telenzepine (3 mg orally at 6 p.m. for 5 days) in 21 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). At enrollment all patients showed at least a 50% decrease in airway resistance (Raw) after inhalation of 400 micrograms fenoterol or 20...

During deep inspirations (DI), a distending force is applied to airway smooth muscle (ASM; i.e., stress) and the muscle is lengthened (i.e., strain), which produces a transient reversal of bronchoconstriction (i.e., bronchodilation). The aim of the present study was to determine whether an increase in ASM stress or the accompanying increase in strain mediates the bronchodilatory response to DI....

The effect of deep inspiration (DI) on airway responsiveness differs in asthmatic and normal human subjects. The mechanism for the effects of DI on airway responsiveness in vivo has not been identified. To elucidate potential mechanisms, we compared the effects of DI imposed before or during induced bronchoconstriction on the airway response to methacholine (MCh) in rabbits. The changes in airw...

The present study aimed to examine the role of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and serum surfactant protein D (SP‐D) level in the determination of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after thoracic radiotherapy (RT). The study included 34 treatments for 33 patients, including 16 three‐dimensional conformal and 18 stereotactic body RT treatments. eNO levels were measured prior to RT, immediately subsequent to...

The bronchomotor effects of a deep inhalation (DI) may provide relevant information about the mechanisms of exercise-induced airway obstruction in children and may be assessed by respiratory conductance (Grs) measured using the forced oscillation technique. The aims of the present study were to assess the effect of DI on Grs after exercise in relationship to the lung function response to exerci...

Ephedra gerardiana (E. gerardiana,), commonly known as "Ma-huang," is a medicinal plant native to the Himalayan region. Historically, it has long traditional use in various indigenous systems for purpose. The current review aims summarize present knowledge on botanical description, phytochemistry, uses, and pharmacological properties of E. gerardiana. This study was thoroughly based previous li...